Istanbul, formerly known as Constantinople, can be described as a historical caliphate city, particularly during the Ottoman Empire. As the capital of the empire, it served as a center of Islamic culture and governance, where the Sultan also held the title of Caliph. The city's rich architectural heritage, including the Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque, reflects its significance as a hub of Islamic authority and influence. Today, while not a caliphate in the traditional sense, it still embodies the historical legacy of Islamic governance.
militaristic :)
militaristic
A centrally located city square
It is an ancient greek city home to the Spartans. Watch 300. Sparta is best described as the city-state that lost to the Argives in the grade 5 Olympics
Leading independent Greek city-states.
Qordova/Cordoba in Spain under Ummayyad Caliphate.
Umayyad Caliphate's capital city is Damascus.
The English meaning of the Latin phrase 'de facto' is 'in' ['de'] 'fact' ['facto']. So the phrase 'de facto capital of the Caliphate' means the city that in fact serves as the capital city. The English meaning of the Latin phrase 'de jure' is 'in' ['de'] 'law' ['jure']. In this example, the city that the law recognizes as the capital isn't the city that actually fills the role.
Zaragoza fell to the Umayyad Caliphate in 712 C.E. The Christians would retake the city in 1118 C.E.
horses
Baghdad is located in the Middle East region, specifically in Iraq. It is the capital and largest city of Iraq.
democratic