Shiva
Following the loss of a spouse, sibling or child, the Jewish mourning period is 30 days. Following the loss of a parent, the Jewish mourning period is 12 months, but the ritual functions that distinguish the mourner during the synagogue service are suspended after 11 months.
Shiva (a Hindu Goddess) is not celebrated by the Jews. Jews observe a 7 day mourning period after the death of a family member. This morning period is called Shiva, but it is not a celebration. It is a time of great sadness.
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Jews congregate in synagogues for prayer, study, celebration and mourning.
The question actually answers itself, since Shiva means seven in Hebrew. The intense mourning lasts seven days. This is a Jewish law applicable to all Jews, though some might ignore it or dilute it.
The 7 days of Jewish mourning.
They don't do such a thing at all. According to Jewish law, when a woman has her period, it's considered the loss of a potential life. As such, there is essentially a mourning period during the woman's this time.
A mourning period.
Judaism has a very structured process of mourning the deceased. After the initial 7 day period of intense mourning, the mourners then progress into a 30 day period of mourning that has fewer restrictions on activities the mourners are allowed to participate in. This is to insure that the mourners are allowed the time to work through their grief over the death of a loved one. For a more detailed explanation of the mourning process in Judaism, please visit the related link.
The Jewish laws and customs of mourning are an outlet for grief as well as a form of honoring the deceased. They also reiterate our trust in God's judgment. See also the Related Link.Jewish practices of mourning
Jews in mourning are not required to go about their usual daily chores - friends help out instead.
Shiva isn't the funeral in Judaism. Shiva is the 7 days after the burial where the immediate family doesn't leave their home or do any work. Instead, people come to them to offer comfort and bring food. Levoya is the burial ceremony.