The area outside a church is commonly referred to as the churchyard. This space can include gardens, paths, and sometimes graves or memorials. In some contexts, it may also be called the church grounds or simply the exterior grounds of the church.
The outside edge of an area is the perimeter.
The room is called a sanctuary, the seats are called pews
It is called a area.
The outside of an organism has a surface area.
The area of a church where christenings take place is called the baptistery.
Nave
The area outside of an angle is called an arc, all angles can be turned into circles and therefore their interior is the measurement and their exterior is an arc. The area in which an angle lies is called a plane of space.
subpolar
If in a pew in the Catholic church, the cushioned area is called a kneeler.
The church on the Antietam battlefield is called the Dunkard or Dunker church. Its true name was The German Church of Baptist Brethren.
There have been many such movements, both inside the Church and outside of it. This question is not sufficiently specific.
Subconscious.