Tefillin (phylacteries). These have their source in Deuteronomy ch.6 and are worn during the morning prayers. Their purpose is to symbolically bind us to God and to remind us of the Exodus and the Torah (as is implicit in Exodus ch.13).
There is no special belt for Jewish men. But some Jewish men wear "tseetsteet katan", which is an undershirt that has fringes at the bottom.
Orthodox Jewish men sometimes do wear long robes.
Jewish men wear phylacteries during morning weekday prayer services.
Dignified clothing.
It is a small hat that Males wear, the singular is 'kippah' andit is pronounced ( KEY-pah). 'Kippot' is the plural. Religiously observant Jewish men always wear a kippah while other Jewish men, and sometimes Jewish women, wear them while praying.
Yes.
Men wear suits and ties, and women wear dresses or slacks.
For reasons of modesty it is preferable to wear another color. Red is seen in Jewish tradtion as a color that catches the (men's) eye.
Jewish men wear a tallit (or tallis) during prayer services.
shoulder length
Orthodox Jewish men wear a yarmulke (a skullcap). It begins with the letter Y.
Modest ones. Men wear kippahs, talleisim, and tfillin.