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The solar calendar measures the time taken by the earth to rotate around the sun (approximately 365 and 1/4 days) divided up into 4 seasons based on the equinoxes (the times of year when the night and day are of equal duration) and the solstices (the point when the sun is in the highest or lowest point in the sky).

The lunar calendar is based on the amount of time it takes the moon to move through all of its phases, from new moon to new moon (approximately 28 days).

The solar calendar was favored by patriarchal societies while the lunar calendar was favored by matriarchal societies (as well as societies that tended to acknowledge an equal god and goddess). However, the Jewish people, with their one male god, did use the lunar calendar as well.

The modern Gregorian calendar is actually a hybrid of both of these. Our year is 365 days, divided up into months based (loosely) off the 28 day lunar cycle.

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