Apse
The central part of a church is called an altar. This is a sacred part of the church and the place from which the sermons are preached.
Notre Dame
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The sanctuary is where the main church service is held
The Nave is the middle part of the Church. This is where the congregation sits during the service, and is flanked by aisles on each side.
That will be the Minster in Ulm, Germany
The tallest church in Germany is the Ulm Munster in Ulm, Germany.
It isn't called anything. It is just called part of the nave.
No. The tallest temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the "Mormon" church) is the Washington DC temple (actually located in Maryland). The tallest spire of this temple is 288 feet.
Bible Tower, Thrissur
notre dame The Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris was built between 1163 and around 1345 and was certainly the tallest church in Christendom at the time.
We have not temples in Romania; the tallest orthodox church has 78 m (monastery from Săpînţa-Peri).