A few examples:
1) The beginning passages of the Torah. Being at the beginning of the Torah makes them prominent. 2) The closing verses of the Torah, for a similar reason.
3) Any passage or topic which is repeated, such as the Shabbat, the festivals, the Tabernacle, and the phrase "Abraham, Isaac and Jacob."
4) Any passage which is spoken to the entire assembled nation, such as the Ten Commandments.
See also:
Torah Portions
The entire Torah is read over the course of each year, in consecutive portions every week. These are the Torah readings.
You don't. The Torah scroll has 4 empty lines between the 5 Books of Moses.
Naso is the longest Torah-portion, with 176 pesukim (verses). If we include combined Torah-portions, then Mattos-Mass'ei is the longest, with 244 pesukim.
Portions of it are read, several times each week.
Absolutely. One may and should study Torah on Yom Kippur. The only day that there are some restrictions on learning certain portions of Torah is on Tisha B'av when we are in mourning over the descruction of the temple. Thus, it is inappropriate on Tisha B'av to study portions that make one happy.
The Pharisees were a Jewish sect, or equally, a social movement among the Jews of the first centuries BCE and AD. As such, there were no qualifications, no more than there are qualifications to be counted as a Democrat or Republican in today's United States. The Pharisees did, however, emphasize certain things, and people who agreed were likely to count themselves as Pharisees: They emphasized rejection of Helenization -- don't be like the Greeks and Romans. They emphasized personal piety, daily prayer, and synagogue-centered worship. They emphasized learning and study of the Torah and the interpretive tradition surrounding the Torah. They emphasized applying the commandments of the Torah to daily life -- that is, Jewish law.
The author of the Torah was Moses (Deuteronomy 31:24). Though he learned and transmitted the entire breadth of Torah, commentary, and Oral Tradition including its mystical portions, Moses is not usually thought of as a kabbalist. See also:More about Moses
unity
unity
Yes. Judaism has set portions of the Torah (Pentateuch) which are read on specific days. When these are to be read, the Torah scroll is placed on an elevated lectern in front of the congregation and read.
Yes! The twin brother and sister each carry a Torah up and down separate aisles of the sanctuary of the synagogue and take turns reading the Torah and Haftorah Portions.