Answer
It's a long list. Ready? Mormons believe
* in a Godhead, not a Trinity. In Mormon belief, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost are all Gods, united (one) in purpose, but not in body.
* Adam's so-called "original sin," was covered by Christ's atonement, and doesn't stain anyone else. We're each responsible for our own sins.
* infants are born innocent and cannot sin before they're old enough to be accountable for their choices -- generally, around the age of eight.
* Christ's atonement is universal and eternal. It saves all mankind from permanent death. There will be a universal resurrection.
* Christ's atonement has the effect of reuniting us with God only to the extent that we accept it, as evidenced by faith, repentence, and obedience to God's commandments.
* baptism and certain other ordinances are necessary to live again in the presece of God. The upside is that these ordinances are universally available. If you're not baptised in life, at some point a vicarious baptism will be performed on your behalf, which ordinance you are free to accept or reject.
* your spirit is eternal. You lived before you came to earth, you're on earth to learn faith and obedience, and you'll live after you leave this earth.
* marriage can be eternal, if the parties to the marriage are faithful and obedient.
* priesthood -- the power and authority to act in behalf of God -- is real, and that those who've been given that power must use it to serve others in a Godly way, or they are deprived of it.
* the church is an ancient institution, repeatedly restored to the earth via prophets called of God, following an apostacy. The church is fundamentally the same today as it was in the time of Adam, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus Christ. The most recent restoration happened in the 1830s through the prophet Joseph Smith.
* prophets and apostles continue to lead the Church -- via revelation received from Christ -- as has happened throughout human history.
* spiritual gifts -- including prophecy, tongues, visions, etc. -- are still in effect in the modern church.
* The Bible is the recorded word of God. So is the Book of Mormon, and other scripture revealed to modern prophets.
* Christ will reign again on earth, following some future tragic apocalypse. During that millenial reign, both Mormons and non-Mormons will live on earth.
* each person should be allowed, by law and by other believers, to worship God in whatever way he or she sees fit. At the same time, we reserve the right to engage in conversations about religion and morality both in public forums and as individuals. We believe this fundamental human right is worth fighting for.
* we should follow and obey the law of the land. We also believe in working to change bad laws.
* truth is found in many places, and ought to be respected and honored, regardless of its source. A poet, a songwriter, a movie maker, an author, and a prophet may all be sources of truth. Those who are spiritually in tune with God will recognize truth by that Spirit.
* we are the literal spiritual offspring of God the Father. Our spriritual elder brother, Jesus Christ, volunteered to come to earth to teach us truth, set an example, and atone for our sins so that we would have the opportunity to live again in the presence of our Father.
* a third of the host of heaven fought against that plan, under the leadership of Satan, and became fallen, unfit to receive mortal bodies and learn the lessons of mortality.
* angels are messengers from God, our spiritual siblings sent to earth for specific purposes. Satan likewise has his legions of followers who strive to distract individuals from their eternal potential. We resist that temptation by seeking to live obedient to God's counsel.
* evil exists because the natural man -- the individual who serves his carnal nature over his spiritual self -- causes wickedness, sorrow, and pain. Individuals have free agency -- the option to choose for themselves their own response to temptation.
Another answer
The LDS church has the priesthood, ordained of God. We believe that, though many, many churches in this world have great truth and sound teachings, the LDS church has the priesthood, which is the power and authority to perform God's will.
Well, Mormons do not believe in "Joseph Smith and not Jesus". Mormons believe that Jesus Christ is the Savior and Redeemer of the world. They believe that Jesus is the Son of God, and that we must accept Him as our Savior to be saved. Mormons believe that Joseph Smith was a prophet, just like Moses, Abraham, or Isaiah. He in no way replaces Jesus Christ, nor is he an equal of Jesus. Joseph Smith was simply a representative of Christ on the earth. Most religions, even Christian religions, have some sort of earthy leader or founder, whether living or dead. This is not unique to Mormonism. Most who know anything of Mormonism understand that the belief in Joseph Smith as a prophet is what sets Mormons apart from the rest of Christianity.
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