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First of all, the books of the New Testament were completed in the first half of the second century, including Acts of the Apostles (as well as Luke's Gospel, unless it was completed just before the turn of the century), John's Gospel, the pseudo-Pauline Epistles to Timothy and Titus, as well as the Epistles of John, Jude and Peter. The four New testament gospels we now have were selected out of a larger set of gospels and, as they were originally anonymous, the Church Fathers attributed each gospel to an author who, in their view, probably wrote the gospel.

It appears that, in the second century, Christianity was split more or less evenly between the proto-Catholic-Orthodox branch and the Gnostic branch. The second century was a time during which concepts of faith, morals and ritual were being debated and defined by the Church Fathers. It was still possible to be a Christian and have quite different religious beliefs than another Christian, even within Orthodox Christianity.


Bishops began to be appointed in major centres in the eastern Mediterranean area, although scholars say it was not until the middle of the second century that a bishop was appointed in Rome.




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