A primary motive behind the implementation of sharia in Islamic empires beginning in the 8th century was to establish a unified legal framework that governed both personal conduct and societal norms according to Islamic principles. This allowed for the integration of diverse cultures and communities within the rapidly expanding empires, promoting social order and stability. Additionally, sharia served to legitimize the authority of rulers by aligning governance with divine law, fostering a sense of legitimacy and moral responsibility in leadership.
Islam as a religion expanded as the Islamic Empires expanded through conquest and where Islamic merchants met with receptive cultures outside of the Islamic Empires.
the Abbasid. The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal were the only early modern Islamic empires
to take the holy land back from the Islamic empires. to take the holy land back from the Islamic empires.
to take the holy land back from the Islamic empires. to take the holy land back from the Islamic empires.
religion
Islamic
Throughout history, there have been several significant Islamic empires, with the most notable being the Umayyad, Abbasid, and Ottoman Empires. Other prominent Islamic states include the Safavid Empire in Persia and the Mughal Empire in India. Each of these empires contributed to the spread of Islam and the development of culture, science, and trade in their respective regions. While the exact number can vary depending on how one defines an "empire," these are among the most recognized in Islamic history.
It depends on the Islamic Empire in question. (There have been over 25 distinct Islamic Empires.) Usually this position was taken by a Caliph, but there a significant number of Islamic Empires, especially later in history, where the Caliph was exclusively a religious leader and it was the Sultan who ruled from a political perspective.
Most of the Islamic Empires were in the Middle East and/or North Africa or Spain or Central Asia. As there were nearly 25 different Islamic Empires, please be more specific if you want a more specific answer.
The Islamic Caliphates provided much of the basic science that the European Scientific Revolution used as grounding for its scientific discoveries. Other than that, the Scientific Revolution itself did not involve the Islamic Caliphates or Islamic Empires in the slightest.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Russian Empire extended from the Arctic. Like all empires, it included a large disparity in terms of economics, ethnicity, and religion.
The most prominent declining Islamic Empire in the Early 20th century was the Ottoman Empire, which was declining from 1700s-1923 when it was officially ended. However, the Qajjar and Safavid Empires had also been in decline during the same period in Iran.