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The First Vatican Council (an ecumenical/general council)opened, officially, on December 8, 1869, following 5 years of preparation, and "adjourned" on October 20, 1870. It was held at St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. To distinguish: the 5 prior ecumenical councils were held at the Lateran Basilica (Rome, Italy) and are known as the Lateran Councils. There have been a total of 21 Ecumenical Councils. The first being the Council of Nicaea (325 AD) and the last (so far) is Vatican Council II (1962-1965).

An Ecumenical (general) Council is a conference of the bishops of The Catholic Church and is intended to discuss and settle matters of Church doctrine and practice. Key resolutions of Vatican Council I: several important canons relating to the Faith and the constitution of The Church were created/resolved. The Council also decreed (resolved in exact terms) papal infallibility as occurring, specifically, when the pope speaks ex cathedra-- from the Chair of Peter and defines -- in his capacity as shepherd and teacher of all Christians -- a doctrine/matter of faith or morals to be held/accepted by the whole Church. Understandably, non-Catholic Christians would reject that the pope speaks for all Christians but that is still the view of The Catholic Church when the pope speaks officially ex cathedraon a matter of faith or morals -- Truth.

Vatican Council II Participants included: 6 archbishops ("princes"), 49 cardinals, 11 patriarchs, 680 archbishops and bishops, 28 abbots, 29 generals of orders, in all 803.

Vatican Council I was also primarily (though not exclusively) a doctrinal council. By comparison, Vatican Council II was primarily (though not exclusively) a liturgical council.

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