What was the Jewish equivalent to Mesopotamia's law code?

Answer 1

The Torah.

Answer 2

Halacha is the Hebrew/Aramaic term for Jewish law (the ch is gutteral, as in Bach and Loch). The word Halach means walk, the ending is either the definite article (Aramaic) or a feminine ending (Hebrew). Either way, the word means something like "the way." However, halacha is not a law code, it is a body of law. Much of the Talmud is about deriving halacha from the Torah, but the Talmud does not organize it into a code. Later Jewish scholars have attempted to create clear organizations. A common title for these law codes is the Shulchan Aruch (meaning the set table).