Initially it wasn't so bad. It took a while for the repurcussions to set in. Many liberal clergy did not see it as being incompatible with their faith because in reality is is not. The church wasn't so terribly dead set against it until the early mid 1900s. The scopes monkey trial was an isolated event. It wasn't until 1950 when the catholic church even commented on it. They didn't say much. And to this day, the pope supports evolution. Resistance has only come from the extreme evangelical conservative christian right that roots back to around 1960 when the modern birth of creationism took place. Since then, the evangelical right often try to make Christianity and evolution incompatible.
Theory of evolution
The Church
I am uncertain of what the current pope specifically "believes" regarding the current Theory of Evolution, but what I can say is that the Theory of Evolution poses no challenge to the Catholic Faith. I can say that the current pope, whatever he personally believes regarding the Theory of Evolution would say that the current theory of evolution poses no challenge to the Catholic Faith. Because the Theory of Evolution is a Scientific Claim, and not a theological claim, the Church cannot make a judgment as to the truth or falsity of the Theory. Matters pertaining to Science are outside the purview of the judgment of the Church, because the Church was not established to discover Scientific Truth.
The church's rejection of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution had a personal impact on him, causing inner turmoil and doubt about his own beliefs. However, it did not stop Darwin from continuing his scientific work and research. Ultimately, despite the controversy, his theory of evolution went on to revolutionize the field of biology.
The church opposed his views. The church said that god created everything as they are now. Darwin believed in evolution. Evolution, by the way, is the scientific theory that everything adapts to fit its environment.
separation of church and state
Charles Darwin is attributed with the theory of evolution. He initially applied it to plants and animals, but later others extended it to include humans (something that went against church doctrine).
Theory of evolution refers to animals and plants evolution along the time. Language evolution is another issue, not entirely related to the theory of evolution. It follows the theory of evolution on some way but it is related to culture evolution, not to the physical attributes evolution.
No, Charles Darwin was not kicked out of the church. However, his theory of evolution through natural selection challenged some religious beliefs, causing controversy among some religious groups during his time.
Evolution is an observed and observable fact. The theory of evolution by natural selection explains many things about evolution. The theory generates testable hypothesis, as any good theory does. Remember, theory is the highest concept in science.
There are many books that describe the theory of evolution. For example, there is a book called Evolution: The Remarkable History of a Scientific Theory.
separation of church and state from jorgito :)