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The Kohen Gadol ("High Priest") was the leader of all Kohanim in the Temple services. On the Yom Kippur holy day, he alone conducted the Temple-offerings (Leviticus ch.16); and at other times, his presence in the Temple brought atonement (see Exodus 28:38). See also:

The Temple-offerings


Other information:

The Torah establishes a separation of the various forms of power, so that all of them are not concentrated in one individual. During the four centuries of the monarchy, the Israelites were led by three distinct people or groups: the king, the Sanhedrin and the Kohen Gadol. (See also Deuteronomy ch.17-18.)
The Kohen Gadol conducted the observances in the Holy Temple, together with the assistance of the rest of the Kohanim and Levites (Leviticus ch.21, Numbers ch.8 and 18). Though the Kohen Gadol had no formal power outside the Temple, he did have great influence due to the prestige of his position. In times of need, he occasionally dealt directly with foreign monarchs (see Talmud, Yoma 47a and 69b).



The king conducted the nation and made decisions in most national matters but was not necessarily one of the leading sages. It is noteworthy that although the prophets had no temporal power, they were sent by God not only to exhort the people in general, but also to rebuke the king when needed.

(See: The role of the prophets)


The Sanhedrin (court of Sages) was the final authority on Torah-matters. One of its functions was to ensure that the Torah-traditions were handed down intact from generation to generation.


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