It is the covenant with God as expressed through the Torah.
Same God for Christians and Jews. God is called in Arabic Allah.
it forced them to answer difficult questions about their relationship with God
They are called the Torah.
No man is called god in Judaism.
Same God for Christians and Jews. Called Allah in Arabic.
Because unlike the Babylonian and Persians the Jews were monotheistic and had a personal relationship with there god. They also believed they were there god's chosen people through a covenant with their god.
Jews are monotheistic and worship only the creator God.
God, or as the Jews sometimes call him Yahweh there are many names but foremost is God.
God is sacred because of His nature.Perhaps you meant to ask why the relationship with God is so sacred (important) to Jews. The answer is because of the importance of being close to Him (Deuteronomy 10:20) and because of our gratitude to Him.
Yes, God is called The Redeemer.
Abraham
Before being called 'Jews', they were called 'Hebrews': descendants of Abraham the 'hapiru' = 'wanderer'. Abraham would have been a polytheist (believer in many gods) before God called him. After the Hebrews settled in the Promised Land, they were called Israelites, and later, Jews. So technically, the answer is "no", because they were not called 'Jews' until long after they became monotheists (believers in one God). nathan.waterman@gmail.com