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According to the Gospels, it would seem that John the Baptist was imprisoned in Galilee, because he was executed at the request of the daugher of Herodias during a birthday party for Herod Antipas, who was most reluctant to have John killed. Mark 6:21 says that the high captains and chief lords of Galilee had been invited to that party, so it must have been held in Galilee itself. Herod would not have demanded that they trek on foot or by donkey all the way to the remote castle of Macherus, east of the Dead Sea.

The account of the first-century Jewish historian Josephus differs in that John was imprisoned in the castle of Macherus and that it was the intention of Herod to execute John as quickly as possible, lest he foment a rebellion among the Jews. The chronology provided by Josephus indicates that the execution must have taken place in 35 or early 36 CE. The relevant text from Book 18 of Antiquities of the Jews:

"Now many people came in crowds to him, for they were greatly moved by his words. Herod, who feared that the great influence John had over the masses might put them into his power and enable him to raise a rebellion (for they seemed ready to do anything he should advise), thought it best to put him to death. In this way, he might prevent any mischief John might cause, and not bring himself into difficulties by sparing a man who might make him repent of it when it would be too late. Accordingly John was sent as a prisoner, out of Herod's suspicious temper, to Macherus, the castle I already mentioned, and was put to death."

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