After his Resurrection, Jesus told the apostles, "Whose sins you forgive are forgiven them, and whose sins you retain are retained" (John 20:23).
Roman Catholic AnswerAll of the sacraments were instituted by Jesus Christ while He was on earth, including matrimony.
On Easter Sunday, adult catechumens are given the sacrament of Baptism, Holy Communion and Confirmation.
At the Last Supper ( Holy Thursday)
Roman Catholic AnswerIn the Upper Room at the Last Supper.
Confirmation was instituted Confirmation on Pentecost Sunday.
Jesus (a Jew) instituted the Eucharist the night before he died - Holy Thursday. It was not the Jewish people who instituted it.
The resurrection of Jesus Christ, pentecost
Jesus did with his apostles at the last supper.
If you are asking this question in regards to the priesthood I would say that Jesus Christ being the first priest instituted the priesthood at the Last Supper when he uttered the words "Do this in memory of me". He was instructing His disciples to go forth into the world and repeat the consecration of the bread and wine transforming them into the Body and Blood of our Lord at every Mass.
The partaking of the Sacrament replaces the old ordinance of sacrifice (Which pointed the attention of the saints forward to the coming sacrifice of the Son of God), our Lord during his mortal ministry instituted the ordinance of the sacrament to point the attention of his saints, after his death, back to the atoning sacrifice which he had wrought.
Jesus instituted the sacrament of Holy Orders at the Last Supper when he appointed his Apostles as the first bishops and priests by instructing them to continue his ministry through the celebration of the Eucharist and other sacraments.
The sacrament that was foretold is the Eucharist, which Jesus instituted during the Last Supper. He took bread and wine, declaring them to be his body and blood, symbolizing his sacrifice and the new covenant. This sacrament is central to Christian worship and commemorates Jesus' death and resurrection, emphasizing the belief in his real presence in the elements of communion.