Who got Jerusalem from the Muslims through diplomatic means?

Answer 1

Jerusalem was acquired from Muslim control through diplomatic means by the Crusaders, specifically during the reign of King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem. The most notable instance was the negotiation between Richard the Lionheart of England and Saladin during the Third Crusade, which led to the city remaining under Muslim control but allowing Christian pilgrims access. Ultimately, it was not until the 20th century, particularly during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, that Jerusalem was captured by Israeli forces, but that was through military means rather than diplomacy.