Answer 1: The Prime Minister is the actual head of the executive, takes most of the key decisions and can (usually) rely on a majority in Parliament. The Queen is essentially a figure head.
Answer 2: No. The Queen can dismiss her Prime Minister with a single command and replace him or her with a person of her own choice. The Prime Minister has no such reciprocal power. This clearly puts the ultimate power in the hands of the monarch. The Prime Minister can essentially be regarded as the manager of the Queens's estate, whereas the Queen is the Head of State. The Queen has other powers that the Prime Minister does not have, such as single handedly being able to declare war on other countries, where the Prime Minister needs Parliamentary, and often UN approval.
Answer 3: According to the Constitution, all public power (executive, legislative and judicial) is created and commanded by the Queen. The Prime Minister is, in theory, a counsellor who advises her. In practice, it is a more complex situation, because the UK is a democracy, so public will must be law. So, more or less, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet take the executive decisions, but it is the Queen, through the Privy Council, who makes those decisions effective. She is not forced to accept all ministerial decisions, this is why she meets the Prime Minister once a week to discuss matters of State and advise him. This is the reason why the Executive is called Her Majesty's Government, to indicate it is her who governs and has the power, not the ministers. Nowadays the UK is a strong democracy, so the Queen will only interfere when the Government behave improperly.
Now, taking into the account the prime minister is appointed by the Queen and the Queen is also the head of Parliament and Courts, she has more authority than the PM.
Brevet
Queen elizabeth
The pope outranks him.
To Catholics, at least, the pope is much more important than any president, monarch, or dictator.
The pope does not have any authority in the Orthodox Church. The pope only has authority over Roman Catholics.
Which pope and which Queen are you referring to? Please be specific.
No, the Pope does not have the authority to declare war.
The Pope's move and the establishment of a rival pope divided the Church's supporters.
If he crowns himslef that means that he is of higher authority that the Pope himself and he did not want to be seen as subservient to the Pope.
Protestants generally do not recognize the authority of the Pope within the Catholic Church. They believe in the priesthood of all believers and do not view the Pope as the ultimate authority in matters of faith and doctrine.
Catholics obey the pope because he is their spiritual leader.
As the successor of Saint Peter, supreme authority is vested in the Pope. He has universal jurisdiction and all Catholic bishops may only use their authority when they are in communion with the Pope.