According to the Bible, Ba'al Worship came to Israel through King Ahab's wife, Queen Jezebel for whom Ba'al Worship was her native religion.
The high priest at the time Jesus was crucified.
Monarchy. The various city-states each had a king. Perhaps "theocracy" would be fitting, since the religious cults were ubiquitous and in many cases the king was the high priest.
Elijah lived in the Northern Kingdom of Israel circa 870-850 B.C.E. Ahab was the king of the Northern Kingdom (869-850 BCE) and Jeshoshaphat (873-849 BCE) in the Southern Kingdom during Elijah's time as prophet.
Luke 3:2 erroneously wrote: "Annas and Caiaphas". This is like saying Barack Obama and George Bush were the President of USA at the same time. There is only one High Priest at any given time.
Saul did not need permission to go to Damascus as he could travel where ever he liked, but he did need permission from the High Priest to go to Damascus and arrest persons who were following "The Way", which was the expression used to mean following Jesus' teachings. The High Priest could have been one of three persons as we are not exactly sure of the date this happened. Caiaphas was nearing the end of his time in 34 A.D. and Jonathan Ben Hanan was High Priest in 36 A.D., with Theophilus being High Priest in 37 A.D. It was in this time frame that Saul was traveling to Damascus on this mission.
He was a prophet, student of Achiya HaShiloni and teacher of Elisha. He prophesied among the Ten Tribes (a.k.a. the Northern Kingdom of Israel) during the time of King Achav (Ahab); that is, during the time of the First Temple.
Aaron was chosen as the high priest because he was the brother of Moses and had shown loyalty and obedience to God during the time of the Israelites' exodus from Egypt. Additionally, Aaron was seen as a capable leader and was appointed by God to serve as the high priest to represent the people before God and perform religious duties on their behalf.
The chief priest who had Jesus arrested was Caiaphas. He was the high priest during the time of Jesus' crucifixion and played a significant role in the events leading to Jesus' arrest and subsequent trial.
The father-in-law of Caiaphas, the high priest during the time of Jesus, was Annas. Annas had served as high priest before Caiaphas and still held influence within the priesthood.
Elijah .
Melchizedek was the legendary king of Salem, mentioned in Genesis 14:18-20 as living in the time of Abraham. He was described as also being a priest of the most high God. It is implied in these verses that his God was the God of Abraham himself. Therefore it could be said that he was a priest of the religion that became the religion of the Hebrew people.