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Though the Triennial Convention and the Home Mission Society were theoretically neutral in regards to slavery, some Baptists in the South did not believe this assurance of neutrality. They knew several leaders who were engaged in abolitionist activity. To test this neutrality, Georgia Baptists recommended James E. Reeve, a slaveholder, to the Home Mission Society as a missionary in the South. The Society's board decided that they would not appoint a slaveholder as a missionary, a decision that the Baptists in the south saw as an infringement on their equal rights.[2] Another issue that disturbed the churches in the south was the perception that the American Baptist Home Mission Society (org. 1832) did not appoint a proportionate number of missionaries to the southern region of the US. Baptists both north and south preferred different types of denominational organization: the Baptists in the north preferred a loosely structured society composed of individuals who paid annual dues, with each society usually focused on a single ministry. Baptists in southern churches preferred an organization composed of churches patterned after their associations, with a variety of ministries brought under the direction of one denominational organization.[3] Baptists from the South subsequently broke from the national organizations and formed a new convention, the Southern Baptist Convention which was formed May 8–12, 1845, in Augusta, Georgia. Its first president was William Bullein Johnson (1782-1862), who was president of the Triennial Convention in 1841.

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