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During Jacob's blessing to his son Joseph in Genesis ch.48, he says to him

something to the effect that "I've given you an extra share, compared

to your brothers". (I don't have the text in front of me, and I'm paraphrasing.)

There's no question that when they were all youngsters living back in Canaan,

Jacob always showed outright favoritism toward Joseph, as the first-born son of his

favorite wife. Also, Joseph was arguably the most 'professionally' accomplished son,

having not only risen completely on his own merit to become second in command

next to Pharaoh of Egypt, but having also raised his family completely in accord

with his own father's values and morals, even though none of them had ever seen

Jacob, and they were royals living in a culture that was the complete opposite, to

put it mildly. So Jacob rewarded Joseph with an extra share ... instead of Joseph

producing one tribe in Israel, he produced two tribes, one for each of his sons,

Ephraim and Menasseh.

Answer:

The question is actually not completely correct. Sometimes (as in Numbers ch.1-2) Joseph is replaced by his two sons (as described in the above answer) and Levi is left out (they had a higher status, as described in Numbers ch.2, ch.8, ch.18). But in some other occasions, Levi and Joseph are counted instead of Ephraim and Menasheh (such as Deuteronomy ch.27 and ch.33).

See also the attached Related Question.

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