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I believe it was actually John XXIII who convened the Second Vatican Council. In any case, the actual reason that motivated him to do so will ultimately only be known to him alone, though we can always guess.

My feeling is that in the wake of all the horrors of World War II and he feeling that the world was on the cusp of new era, Pope John XXIII felt that he had to do something revolutionary to fit with the times.

His predecessor, Pope Pius XII, was mostly quiet as WWII raged on and the fires of the Holocaust burned, and John XXIII likely felt he had to do the opposite and be proactive to help heal the world and reconcile religions. So thinking, he introduced the Nostra Aetate, which absolved Jews of the accusation of killing Jesus and recognized them as God's people, though still affirming that Christians are God's new people in any case.

John XXIII he had to do something to prevent another future war, and religious reconciliation seemed like a good place to start.

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