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The very first group of Spaniards that came to South America consisted of conquistadors, administrators and Roman Catholic clergy, who saw it as their role to convert the 'heathens' of the New World. The papal bull of 1493 established the character of the invasion as one of evangelisation, not merely one of conquest and plunder.

From 1520 to 1550, the church began evangelising methodically among the local population. The Franciscans, Dominicans, Capuchins (members of the Order of Mercy), and later the Jesuits and Augustinians were all important in moulding Colombia as the Christian nation that the conquistadors had sought to create.

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