No. Canonization is the church's formal process of declaring that an individual is a saint. This use of the word saint (common in the Roman Catholic Church but not in every Christian church) means that it is certain that the individual is now in heaven. Feast day refers to the day chosen by the church for that individual to be honored in a special way by the faithful.
No. It can be any date but is usually the anniversary date of the death of the saint.
A feast day is a day of celebration of something. It does not have to be on the birthday of the person being celebrated.
The feast day of a saint can be any random date or it may fall on the commemoration day of some event of the saint's life, such as their date of death, the day of their canonization or other such event.
Feast day and memorial are, basically, the same thing. It is the day we celebrate the anniversary of that person's birth into Heaven.
The feast day of the saint is the same as the saint's day. For example, the Feast of St. Patrick is also known as St. Patrick's Day - March 17.
Philip shares the day with Saint James the Lesser.
Not necessarily. While it is normal to make a feast day the day of the year when a person is "reborn" into heaven, it is not a requirement. This is especially true with many of the ancient saints where no records remain of the date the person died. The feast day can be set for any day of the year.
The canonization day is the date that a particular saint is declared a saint by the Holy Father. It is usually accompanied by a special Mass and ceremonies.
St. Elmo is a pre-congregational saint. In other words, he was declared a saint by popular acclamation. There was no formal canonization process before the 12th century. After that, all saint canonizations had to be investigated and approved by Rome.
Hercules is not a saint and has no feast day.
Yes, the feast day of St. Patrick is March 17, also known as St. Patrick's Day. Similarly, St. Valentine's Day (February 14) is the feast day of St. Valentine of Rome.
Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary - this is a major feast day