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Before the 12th century there was no official system for canonization. Saints were declared by popular acclamation, usually with the approval of a bishop. In the 12th century the power to declare saints was removed from local control and placed with the pope. Today the office in Rome that investigates candidates for sainthood is called the Sacred Congregation for the Causes of Saints. Saints declared before the 12th century are thus called pre-congregational saints. The Congregation investigates possible saints and makes recommendations to the pope.

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