In the book, The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne is sentenced to wear the red letter, A. This marks her as an adulterer, for sleeping with the pastor Arthur Dimmesdale.
Hester's sin - adultery
Hester Prynne had to wear a red letter "A" for "adultery" (it was her sin).
Pearl is the daughter of Hester and Dimmesdale and therefore resembles their sin of adultry. Hester dresses pearl in a scarlet colored dress to show this and make her look more like the letter "A" which also resembles their sin.
Hester actually has two sins, but you don't discover the other one until later in the book. Her first sin, which is very obvious is committing adultery. her second sin however, is marrying Chillingworth. she says that marrying him was a sin because she did not actually love him, and she knew that she could not be faithful to him. She repents for this sin.
Hester becomes a symbol of sin and of women's frailty and simple passions.
Chillingworth blames himself and the man whom Hester cheated with. He claims he should have forseen this, and the other man will eventually be revealed.
Hester first notices the A which shows that when people look at Hester, the first thing they see is the physical reminder of her sin.
Hester worries about Pearl's personality because she fears that the circumstances of Pearl's birth, as a result of Hester's sin of adultery and the public shame attached to it, may have influenced Pearl's upbringing and development. Hester believes that Pearl's defiant and wild nature is a product of her being conceived in a sinful relationship and raised in an environment of judgment and shame.
The fact that Hester would constantly remind Pearl of the consequences of sin is what convinced the governor to let Hester keep Pearl. Hester supported herself and Pearl by sewing garments.
She is proof, and a constant reminder of Hester's sin (adultery)
sin and disgrace
The scaffold, the scarlet letter itself, and Pearl are all devices in "The Scarlet Letter" that symbolize sin and its consequences. The scaffold is where public shaming occurs, the scarlet letter is a physical reminder of Hester's sin, and Pearl embodies the product of Hester's sin.