positivism
There might be four answers to this question: 1. The first answer does not involve an actual "philosopher," nor even knowledge of any theory of any philosopher whatsoever. This everyday term "philosophical attitude" tends to indicate a tendency to minimize or 'explain away' others' concerns, emotions/feelings, with comments like "ah, well, that's just the way things are." It is as if one is being told that one should seek a maturity that involves the goal of viewing life from a purely rational stance. In practice, however, such an individual who thus prides him/herself on having a "philosophical attitude" may use it to deflate the notions of others, as if one held a superior position and is looking down from a wiser point of view. 2. Alternatively, a philosophical attitude might be described in the "Socratic method, in which Socrates (c.400's BCE), or the practitioner of his method, repeatedly questions the audience or individual in ways that bring him/her to come up with his/her own best answers. It is considered a neutral method, in that, ostensibly, the philosopher does not present his/her own positions. In examining the texts of Socrates' dialogues, however, it seems that the specific questions that Socrates asks are calculated to guide the individual in a certain direction. 3. An individual philosopher, whether considered such by academic credentials, or recognition by authorities, (or self-declared), would likely have a particular philosophical theory or point of view that he/she would see as the best philosophical attitude, since one's theories tend to be deeply held, so that a philospher's "philosophical attitude" would tend to be highly colored by his/her own theoretical point of view. 4. Another notion of "philosophical attitude may consist simply of the awareness that two basic principles underlie all philosophy: A. "Objectivity" is the principle that "reality" consists only of external facts which can be known only by observation in the material world. And B. "Subjectivity" is the principle that the "real nature" of things, what is "essential" is the individual's personal "experience" within his/her own mind. Remembering these two principles may provide the ideal philosophical attitude.
Both evolutionary theory and divine rights theory attempt to explain the origin and justification of hierarchy and power structures within societies. They both suggest that certain individuals or groups have inherent characteristics that make them fit to lead or govern others. However, evolutionary theory relies on natural selection and adaptation to explain these hierarchies, while divine rights theory posits that authority is granted by a higher power.
Jacques Bossuet would likely support the divine right theory of the origin of government, which suggests that rulers are appointed by God to govern and that their authority comes from a higher power. According to this theory, kings have a divine mandate to rule and their authority is derived from God.
Anaximander of Miletus believed in a fundamental principle called the "Boundless" or "Infinite," which he considered the source of all things in the universe and viewed as a kind of cosmic order. While not explicitly focused on a personal god like in some religious beliefs, Anaximander's concept of the Boundless can be interpreted as a form of metaphysical or philosophical deity.
No, a theory is a well-supported explanation for a phenomenon based on evidence, testing, and observation. It is supported by empirical data and is subject to revision or rejection based on further evidence. It is not based on faith in magic or chance.
Auguste Comte A+
Utilitarianism
Southeast Asian countries
Empiricist theory is the philosophical view that knowledge is primarily gained through sensory experience and observation. Empiricists value empirical evidence over other forms of knowledge, such as reason or intuition. Key figures associated with empiricism include John Locke, David Hume, and John Stuart Mill.
Natural selection is most closely related to Darwin's theory of evolution.
The main tenet of constructive empiricism is that scientific theories should be seen as tools for making predictions about observable phenomena, rather than as descriptions of an underlying reality. This differs from other philosophical approaches to scientific realism, which argue that scientific theories provide true descriptions of the world, even if some aspects of the theory are unobservable.
Southeast Asian countries
Sir Isaac Newton
The philosophical term for theory of knowledge is epistemology.
Conflict theory
John Locke proposed the theory of empiricism, which suggests that all knowledge comes from sensory experience and observation. He believed that the mind at birth is a blank slate (tabula rasa) that is gradually filled with knowledge through our interactions with the world.
Empiricism is a theory that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience. It emphasizes the importance of observation, experimentation, and evidence in forming beliefs and theories about the world. Key figures associated with empiricism include John Locke, David Hume, and Francis Bacon.