Secularism and fundamentalism are areas of inquiry for geographers because they involve understanding the spatial distribution, influence, and impact of different ideologies, beliefs, and practices within societies. Geographers study how these ideologies manifest in physical landscapes, shape social structures, and influence human behaviors at local, regional, and global scales. By examining the spatial dimensions of secularism and fundamentalism, geographers contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between religion, politics, culture, and society.
The values of the modern world may be considered more important than traditional values in domains such as technology, innovation, and progress. These areas prioritize cutting-edge ideas and adaptation to change over sticking to traditional beliefs and practices.
In the late nineteenth century, the relationship between the western European working class and organized religion was complex. While some workers remained devoutly religious and viewed religion as a source of comfort and community, many others became disillusioned with organized religion due to its ties to the ruling classes and the perceived failure of religious institutions to address social and economic injustices. This led to a growing trend of secularism and socialist movements that sought to challenge the authority of the church and promote a more secular society.
By 476 AD, areas surrounding the Mediterranean Sea were predominantly Christian due to the spread of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire. The conversion of Constantine the Great in the 4th century and the subsequent endorsement of Christianity by Theodosius I contributed to its widespread adoption in the region. Additionally, the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD played a significant role in solidifying Christian beliefs and practices.
By AD 400, Christian areas were mainly concentrated in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Christianity had spread throughout the Roman Empire in Europe, reached the eastern regions of Asia, and had significant communities in North Africa as well.
In 600 CE, areas such as Ireland, Scotland, and Scandinavia had largely Christian populations even though they had no significant Christian presence in 325 CE. These regions underwent widespread conversion to Christianity between 400-600 CE through missions and evangelization efforts.
metropolitan areas
culture regions
h
At the local level, geographers study specific areas like neighborhoods or cities. At the regional level, they examine larger areas such as countries or continents. At the global level, geographers analyze the entire Earth and its interconnected systems.
1985 shut up
Geographers study the eastern and southern hemispheres to understand the distribution of landforms, climate patterns, ecosystems, and human populations in these regions. By exploring these areas, geographers can analyze the interconnectedness of different physical and human systems on Earth.
Geographers call areas with common characteristics a homogeneous region.
They call it physical features.
Geographers study regions to understand the physical and human characteristics that define a particular area. By examining regions, geographers can analyze how human activities and natural processes interact and shape the landscape. This helps in understanding the diversity and complexity of different areas on Earth.
Geographers classify climate based on temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions that are consistent over long periods of time in a particular region. This classification system helps geographers understand and analyze patterns in climate across different areas of the world.
An area where residents share a same characteristic is called a homogeneous region.
Geographers use the theme of regions to categorize and organize different areas of the Earth based on common characteristics such as climate, culture, language, or economic activities. This helps geographers analyze and understand spatial patterns, similarities, and differences across various parts of the world. By identifying regions, geographers can make sense of the complex interactions between human and physical geography.