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A:1 Kings chapter 12 tells us that the Israelite king Jeroboam made two calves of gold, setting one up in Bethel and one in Dan. He made priests and ordained a national feast day to the god symbolised by these calves, and the people came to worship. It may be that some of the biblical background of the split from Judah is not historical, after all the people of Israel should have been too poor to build two golden calves and their temples, but there is little doubt that the early Israelites did indeed have these temples in Dan and Bethel.

We know the moon god was represented at times by a bull, but at other times by a golden calf. This account is consistent with clues of moon god worship found in the stories of the Exodus and of the Israelite patriarchs. From this it can be seen that the moon god was a national god of Israel. The temples were for the worship of the moon god.

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Jeroboam built temples in Dan and Bethel as alternatives to the temple in Jerusalem, in order to prevent his subjects from traveling there for religious observances. Ultimately, Jeroboam wanted to consolidate power and authority over the northern tribes of Israel by establishing these centers of worship under his control.

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Q: Why did Jeroboam build temples in Dan and Bethel?
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What king of Israel set up golden calves at Dan and Bethel?

Jeroboam (Yerav'am ben Nevat).


What was Jeroboam's sin?

Jeroboam was the first king of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. His dynasty would have survived had he not condemned himself, his offspring and his nation by his promotion of idolatry (Egyptian golden calf worship) and false religious practices at shines in Dan and Bethel. Whether he was related to Jeroboam biologically or not, no subsequent king of Israel's Northern Kingdom ever discontinued the sin Jeroboam initiated, so the country itself was destroyed in 720 BC by divine judgment.


How many tribes did Jeroboam have?

Jeroboam was the first king of the rebellious northern tribes, not the kingdom. Israel, as opposed to Judah, was the kingdom, and there were nine tribes that comprised the Kingdom of Israel. (Zebulun, Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, Dan, Manasseh, Ephraim, Reuben and Gad.)


What year did the Israelites build the golden calf?

A:The Bible mentions three golden calves fashioned and worshipped by the Israelites. According to the Book of Exodus, the first was built during the Exodus from Egypt, while Moses and Joshua were away on the mountain where Moses received the Ten Commandments. 1 Kings 12:28-29 says that Jeroboam placed a golden calf in the city of Bethel and another in Dan, and the people came to worship.The golden calf, or a golden bull, was a common representation for the West Semitic father of the gods, El (biblical: Elohim) and also for the moon god. The Bible places the Exodus from Egypt at approximately 1440 BCE, and the context of the story indicates that this calf was the moon god. On the biblical evidence, the calves built by King Jeroboam can be dated to early in the eighth century BCE, and may have represented El.


Was king nadab a good or bad king?

Nadab followed in the footsteps of his father Jeroboam, who erected at Dan and Bethel, the two extremities of his kingdom, "golden calves," which he set up as symbols of God, enjoining the people not to go up any to worship at Salomon's Temple in Jerusalem, but to bring their offerings to the shrines he had erected. Thus, he became distinguished as the man "who made Israel to sin." This policy was followed by all the succeeding kings of Israel." Nadab, therefore was a bad king.


What does the last name Bethel mean in the Bible?

The name Bethel is used several times in the Bible. In Genesis 12:8, Abraham had pitched his tent to the east of Bethel and built an altar. Later, in verse 13:3, he returned to Bethel and to the sacred altar. Yet in chapter 28, his grandson Jacob slept in a certain place and dreamed of a ladder going up to heaven then he named that place Bethel, but before then it had been called Luz. Jacob used a stone for a pillow and after waking put it on a pillar and poured oil on it.A rather confusing story can be found in Genesis chapter 35. First, God told Jacob to go to Bethel. Jacob went to Luz and built a stone altar and called the place El-Bethel because God had appeared to him there. Then God Almighty came and told him that he was henceforth to be called 'Israel', and renewed his covenant to Abraham. Jacob set up a stone pillar where God had talked to him and poured wine and oil on it, and named the place where God had talked to him Bethel. Also an entirely different explanation for Jacob being called 'Israel' appears in Genesis chapter 32, after having wrestled with a god all night.In Genesis 31:13 Jacob is told either: "I am the god Bethel", or the curious introduction "I am the God of Bethel" as shown in all common English translations. The Catholic scholar Bruce Vawter says that Genesis 31:13 quite simply reads 'I am the god Bethel' ('El Bet'el). Bethel also appears to have been the national god of the city-state of Tyre in the first millennium BCE.Jumping forward to 1 Kings chapter 12, we find that the Israelite king Jeroboam made two calves of gold, setting one up in Bethel and one in Dan. He made priests and ordained a national feast day to the god symbolised by these calves, and the people came to worship.


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The ancient Semitic fertility god represented by a golden calf is likely Baal. Baal was a major deity in ancient Canaanite and Phoenician religion, associated with fertility and storms. The worship of the golden calf may have been a manifestation of this deity.


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