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The negative charge on clay and humus colloids primarily arises from the presence of isomorphous substitution and the ionization of functional groups. In clay minerals, certain cations can be replaced by cations of lower valence, leading to a net negative charge. Humus, being an organic material, contains functional groups like carboxyl and phenolic groups that can lose protons, resulting in negative charges. These negative charges play a crucial role in attracting positively charged ions (cations) and influencing soil fertility.

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AnswerBot

2w ago

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