A rough sole will typically wear out faster than a smooth sole under conditions of high friction. This is because the increased surface area and texture of a rough sole create more contact points with the ground, leading to greater abrasion. In contrast, a smooth sole has less surface area in contact with the ground, resulting in reduced wear over time. However, the specific materials and conditions also play a significant role in the rate of wear.
The surfaces used as the measure of lowest friction are generally wet ice on wet ice. Some materials, such as superfluid Helium III have no measurable friction.
The smooth e.r. (endoplasmic reticulum) is located in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Like the rough e.r., the smooth e.r. is concerned with making proteins. Unlike the rough e.r., the smooth e.r has no ribosomes attached to it. Hope this helps. The whole article is on Wikipedia, in case this didn't help (see related link).
The friction coefficient of the two 'bodies' determines the retarding friction force. Represented by μ sub f in physics books. Friction coefficients can be measured in a lab or, sometimes, be looked up in books for an approximation. The coefficient is specific to each case.
Rough surfaces with high levels of texture create the most friction. This includes surfaces like sandpaper, concrete, and surfaces covered in gravel or rocks. The greater the roughness and irregularity of the surface, the more friction is generated when objects slide against it.
the factors that reduce in case of friction are the velocity and acceleration.
The smooth e.r. (endoplasmic reticulum) is located in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Like the rough e.r., the smooth e.r. is concerned with making proteins. Unlike the rough e.r., the smooth e.r has no ribosomes attached to it. Hope this helps. The whole article is on Wikipedia, in case this didn't help (see related link).
Any igneous rock, if ground down to a smooth face and polished, will be smooth. Any igneous rock, if cut, will display a jagged edge. There is the potential for any igneous rock to be smooth or rough. A pumice may be an exception, but pumice isn't all igneous rocks. Most igneous rocks are not vesicular. Pumice will always be rough. Obsidian is naturally smooth, though not perfect. It has conchoidal fracture, so it may show a smooth face, but this is not always the case. Any rock that has been tossed in a river or on a beach for a few thousand years will be pretty smooth, no matter what it is (except pumice). A rock fresh from the quarry will nearly always be jagged and rough. Due to the crystalline texture of igneous rocks, most will naturally fracture in a way that leaves a rough face, if that is what you meant.
The main disadvantage of friction is that energy is required to overcome friction and that energy is effectively wasted. On the other hand, friction enables motion. If there were no friction, it would be like an extreme case of trying to walk on ice or on a very smooth surface with an oil slick on it. You could not get any traction to start moving or, if already moving, it would be impossible to change the magnitude or direction of motion.
Yes, regular reflection can occur on a rough surface if the irregularities on the rough surface are smaller than the wavelength of the incident light. In this case, the light waves reflect in a more scattered manner, as opposed to the organized reflection seen on a smooth surface.
The amount of friction force that acts upon a body of mass depends on two factors: the property of the object and the normal force acting on the body. "Coefficient of friction" refers to the property of the material; in other words, the higher the coefficient of friction, larger the friction force is. The force of friction can be represented by this equation: FF = µFN. µ in this case represents the coefficient of friction. It can best be described as the numerical value that equates to the property of the object we are dealing with. µ does not have units; this reinforces the idea that it is just a numerical value that represents how "rough" or "smooth" the surface of an object is. Simply, the coefficient of friction is a way to describe, symbolically and numerically, how hard it is to move an object along a surface that the object is in contact with.
I'll assume you mean an automatic. If so, there are friction plates inside the transmission that get worn out and just like old sand paper gets smooth and doesn't do it's job very well, the friction plates get smooth and don't grip anymore, causing the transmission to slip. In the possible case it is a standard transmission, it isn't the transmission, it's the clutch slipping.
When a beam of light falls on a rough surface, it undergoes multiple reflections in all directions due to the uneven nature of the surface. This results in diffuse reflection, where the light is scattered and does not form a clear reflection like in the case of a smooth surface.