Why were the boy and Girl Scouts founded?

Answer 1

Baden Powell specifically wrote his books because he found his new military recruits were clueless about how to function in the outdoors (hence the name "scouts" - it refers to military scouts).

Several scouting movements were actually established in the late 1800's to early 1900's. The unifying themes are that they looked to stimulate an interest and comfort in outdoors activities, promote good moral values, and give children wholesome activities with which to occupy themselves.

Girl Scouts and Girl Guides were founded because girls also wanted to be Scouts. Baden Powell felt that girls should have their own organization, so he chose the name "Girl Guides" and thought that an organization for girls should be run by women so he asked his sister, Agnes Baden-Powell, to help and, in 1910, the Girl Guide movement was formally founded.