Sampling
A sociologist can ensure that their data are statistically representative of the population being studied by using random sampling techniques. This involves selecting a sample of participants from the population in a way that gives each member an equal chance of being chosen. By using random sampling, sociologists can generalize their findings to the larger population with more confidence.
A random sampling technique, such as simple random sampling or stratified random sampling, would be appropriate for surveying 120,000 people to ensure each person in the population has an equal chance of being selected. These techniques help reduce bias and ensure the sample is representative of the population as a whole.
Sociologists often use experimental research techniques to determine possible cause-and-effect relationships. This involves manipulating one variable (the independent variable) to see how it affects another variable (the dependent variable), while controlling for other factors that could influence the outcome. This approach helps to establish more definitive connections between variables in sociological studies.
Winner and loser theory, by Nicholas Rescher, underscores the notion that devising methods for controlling and using new technology is not possible until the technique is introduced. This theory highlights the unforeseeable consequences that arise from introducing a new technology, making it challenging to predict how it will be used or its impact on society.
Post stratification is a statistical technique used to improve the precision of estimates by adjusting sample weights based on known population characteristics. It involves dividing the sample into subgroups (strata) based on certain characteristics and then adjusting the weights of each subgroup to better reflect the overall population. This helps to reduce bias and improve the accuracy of estimates in survey sampling.
The marketing manager is applying a sampling technique to make inferences about the preferences, behaviors, or opinions of the entire customer population. This helps to gain insights and make decisions based on a subset of customers, rather than having to survey every customer individually.
Sociologists often use experimental research techniques to determine possible cause-and-effect relationships. This involves manipulating one variable (the independent variable) to see how it affects another variable (the dependent variable), while controlling for other factors that could influence the outcome. This approach helps to establish more definitive connections between variables in sociological studies.
Sampling error occurs when the sampling protocol does not produce a representative sample. It may be that the sampling technique over represented a certain portion of the population, causing sample bias in the final study population.
This technique is used when natural but relatively homogenous groupings are evident in a statistical population. This technique is commonly used in marketing research. The technique splits the population into groups and only a simple random group is selected.
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When the sales representative gains additional contacts by getting to know the most influential buyers in the sales territory
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Whenever it is impractical to measure the characteristics of interest of each member of the population. For example, the populations of most countries are too large for any of the characteristics of all of the people within them to be measured. For that reason, sampling techniques are applied so that representative samples can be obtained of country populations.
Stratified sampling
Serial Dilution Plate Technique is the method to estimate soil microbial population by Dhinga & Sinclair in 1993.
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Disadvantages of systematic sampling: © The process of selection can interact with a hidden periodic trait within the population. If the sampling technique coincides with the periodicity of the trait, the sampling technique will no longer be random and representativeness of the sample is compromised.
It can interact with a hidden periodic trait within a population hence the technique will be compromised since there will not be random and representativeness of the saple