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In a word, wretched. Virtually nothing of the "social safety net" existed; what aid there was, was private charity. The fundamental attitude was that the sufferring of the poor was their own fault and the consequences, though pitiable, were nothing other people had to be concerned about. If indigence (poverty) caused a family to not afford enough food, they starved; if they couldn't buy coal for winter heating, they froze; if they took sick (fairly common because of adulterated food, unclean water, and air pollution, plus all the "regular" contagion caused by living in congested cities) and couldn't pay for medicine, they died.

The government of the time was completely flumoxed by the idea that it, or the prosperous citizens "owed" anything to people who couldn't make their own way. Many adapted the notions of Charles Darwin (who certainly didn't intend them to be used in this way) into so-called "Social Darwinism" which maintained that the poor were being "weeded out" of the society by their own misery.

Obviously, the negative state of the poor has been a characteristic of many times and places, but the pathos of the Victorian era was that it continued into a time - possibly the first time - when the general wealth of the civilization COULD have alleviated it, but refrained from doing so.

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12y ago

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