Bonhoeffer was a German theologian and pastor known for his influential role in the Confessing Church and his opposition to the Nazi regime. He advocated for a Christianity that confronted social injustice and was involved in efforts to resist Hitler's policies, including plots to assassinate him. Bonhoeffer's writings, particularly "The Cost of Discipleship," emphasize the importance of faith and ethical living. He was executed in 1945 for his resistance activities.