Ptomaines are organic compounds that are produced during the decomposition of proteins by bacteria. They are often associated with the spoilage of food and can have toxic effects on humans if ingested. Commonly known ptomaines include substances like putrescine and cadaverine, which are responsible for the foul odors associated with decaying organic matter. While some ptomaines can be harmful, the term is less commonly used in modern toxicology compared to other types of foodborne toxins.