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They are referred to as "caryatids".

caryatid

noun, plural car·y·at·ids, car·y·at·i·des  [-i-deez] Architecture .

a sculptured female figure used as a column. Compare atlas

Origin:

1555-65; < Latin Caryātides (singular Caryātis ) < Greek Karyā́tides columns shaped like women, literally, women of Karýai, Laconia

caryatid (ˌkærɪˈætɪd)

Compare telamon a column, used to support an entablature, in the form of a draped female figure

[C16: from Latin Caryātides, from Greek Karuatidespriestesses of Artemis at Karuai (Caryae), village in Laconia]

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