Risk is necessary in the investment world. The absolute measure of risk is the standard deviation which is a statistical measure of dispersion. The distribution curve shows how much an asset can deviate from its expected outcome.
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The correlation between an asset's real rate of return and its risk (as measured by its standard deviation) is usually:
Market risk is typically measured using several methods, with Value at Risk (VaR) being one of the most common. VaR estimates the potential loss in value of an asset or portfolio over a specified time period at a given confidence level. Other methods include stress testing, which evaluates how assets perform under extreme market conditions, and the use of beta, which measures the sensitivity of an asset's returns to market movements. Additionally, standard deviation can be used to assess the volatility of returns, providing insights into risk levels.
To calculate the expected return for asset X, we can use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM): Expected Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta × (Market Return - Risk-Free Rate). Plugging in the values: Expected Return = 5% + 1.5 × (15% - 5%) = 5% + 1.5 × 10% = 5% + 15% = 20%. Thus, the expected return for asset X is 20%.
The total risk of a single asset is measured by the standard deviation of return on asset. Standard deviation is the square root of variance. To measure variance, you must have some distribution/ possibility of asset returns. However, the relevant risk of a single asset is the systematic risk, not the total risk. Systematic risk is the risk that cannot be diversified away in a portfolio. Systematic risk of an asset is measured by the Beta. Beta can be found using Regression (between market return and asset's return) or Covariance formula.
The measure of risk for an asset in a diversified portfolio is greatly dependent on the type of asset it is. And to narrow it down further, the name of the asset is vital to a complete answer. The best answer on the information provided is what percentage of the portfolio does the asset comprise of the portfolio.
Standard deviation; correlation coefficient
The appropriate measure of risk for an asset held in a diversified portfolio is its systematic risk, often quantified by beta. Beta reflects the asset's sensitivity to market movements and indicates how much the asset's returns are expected to change in relation to changes in the overall market. Unlike total risk, which includes unsystematic risk that can be mitigated through diversification, systematic risk captures the inherent risk associated with market-wide factors. Thus, for investors in a diversified portfolio, beta is the key metric for assessing an asset's contribution to overall portfolio risk.
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Asset allocation funds should be available to everyone.Most brokers have this program. Asset allocation funds will not only minimize the risk but also optimize your return.
Beta is also referred to as financial elasticity or correlated relative volatility, and can be referred to as a measure of the asset's sensitivity of the asset's returns to market returns, its non-diversifiable risk, its systematic risk or market risk. On an individual asset level, measuring beta can give clues to volatility and liquidity in the marketplace. On a portfolio level, measuring beta is thought to separate a manager's skill from his or her willingness to take risk.
No, a risk-free asset does not have a beta of one. In finance, the beta of an asset measures its sensitivity to market movements, with a beta of one indicating that the asset moves in line with the market. A risk-free asset, such as a Treasury bond, has a beta of zero because it is not correlated with market fluctuations and carries no risk of default.
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The amount of systematic risk in a particular risky asset, relative to an average risky asset, is measured by its beta coefficient. A beta greater than 1 indicates that the asset is more volatile than the market, meaning it has higher systematic risk, while a beta less than 1 suggests it is less volatile and carries lower systematic risk. If the beta is exactly 1, the asset's risk is equivalent to that of the average risky asset. Systematic risk reflects the inherent market risk that cannot be diversified away.
False. While having a documented plan is essential for remediating risk to a critical asset, it should not solely focus on eliminating vulnerabilities. A comprehensive risk management plan should also include strategies for mitigating potential threats, implementing controls, and ensuring continuous monitoring and improvement to effectively safeguard the asset.
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