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10y ago

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Continue Learning about Statistics

Can the mean be smaller than the median for a set of data?

Yes. If the lower values tend to be farther below the median than the highest values are above the median, the mean is smaller than the median. why are write wrong


In research how to define standard deviation?

Standard deviation shows how much variation there is from the "average" (mean). A low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be very close to the mean, whereas high standard deviation indicates that the data are spread out over a large range of values.


What is kurtosis?

I will answer your question in a couple of ways. First as a concept: Kurtosis is a measure of whether the data are peaked or flat relative to a normal distribution. That is, data sets with high kurtosis tend to have a distinct peak near the mean, decline rather rapidly, and have heavy tails. Data sets with low kurtosis tend to have a flat top near the mean rather than a sharp peak. A uniform distribution would be the extreme case. Now as a mathematical formula: For univariate data Y1, Y2, ..., YN, the formula for kurtosis is:where is the mean, is the standard deviation, and N is the number of data points. You may find more information at this website: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda35b.htm


What does a correlation coefficient of 0.8 mean?

It means that there is a strong positive association between changes in the two variables being studied. Positive association means that the two variables tend to increase together or decrease together. Note that there is no mention of a causal relationship between the variables.


An example of a hidden variable would be what?

bald people who wear diapers tend to cry more often than other people