the logical data independence is hard to achieve because all the manipulation is belonging in logical data independence but in physical data independence only show the physical view .
construct validity
In situations where there is a logical tie between the data we use a matched pairs experiment • In this experiment we match an observation in one sample with an observation in another • The match is created due to the logical tie they share. • Ex. Studying salaries of marketing and finance majors with similar GPA's - the logical connection is similar GPS's, the data we are pairing is salaries.
An inference is a conclusion drawn from evidence. The logical connection is clear. An opinion need not be based on evidence, or if it is, may not flow from it logically.
Logical decision making. Gambling. Odds.
your mom is a fallacy.
difference between physical and logical data flow diagrams.
It is generally considered more difficult to achieve logical data independence compared to physical data independence. Logical data independence involves separating the conceptual structure of the data from the physical storage aspects, which can be complex depending on the database design. Physical data independence primarily deals with shielding the application from changes in the storage structure, which is usually more straightforward to achieve.
Logical topologies consist of virtual connections between nodes.
While physical tags are also referred to as presentational mark-up, logical tags are useless for appearances. Physical tags are newer versions while logical tags are old and concentrate on content.
The concept of a logical address space is simply involved the process of mapping the Logical addresses to their Physical Addresses . Logical addresses are generated by the CPU; also referred to as virtual addresses.while Physical Address is the actual address of the data stored on the physical device and mapped by MMU.
A logical database refers to the conceptual schema or model of data relationships and structures, independent of how data is stored or accessed. On the other hand, a physical database involves the actual implementation of the database on a specific hardware system, detailing how data is stored and accessed. The logical database design focuses on the organization of data, while the physical database design focuses on optimizing performance and storage efficiency.
three similarities is that physical file deals with does file that a
* Physical file (PF) contains the data and have only one record format. Logical file (LF) is a view of the physical file which does not contain any data may be based on one physical file or more then one physical file. Logical file can have more then one record format. Logical can be non join or join logical file. Performance becomes better if you use the logical file in the program.
Data Link Layer
Physical topology are says how the wire are interconnected, while Logical topology is how the network behaves and interoperates.Sk wasim ul HaqueKharagpur, Madpur
The difference between architecture and topology is logical vs physical. Architecture is about the logical design of something. Topology is about the physical elements required to enable the architectural design. The difference between architecture and topology is logical vs physical. Architecture is about the logical design of something. Topology is about the physical elements required to enable the architectural design. The difference between architecture and topology is logical vs physical. Architecture is about the logical design of something. Topology is about the physical elements required to enable the architectural design.
the dfd which independent view of the system is called logical dfd