Evolution

They are a classic example of adaptive radiation. Most of the animals on the Islands are from South America and came to the Islands, diversified into many species which inhabit different Islands in the chain.

The finches and tortoises are the best example of this adaptive radiation; just evolution over time.

I think you mean the concept of gradualism and the man is Charles Lyell, whose geological concept proceeded Darwin's biological concept and also gave Darwin his ideas on ages of the earth and gradual processes over time.

I can think of not other geologist that was a confidant of Darwin, though Adam Sedgewick, a geologist, was am early teacher of Darwin. He was a catastrophist though.

1. The adherence of anatomical traits to the nested hierarchies of biology confirms common ancestry in general.

2. Assays of anatomical traits can be used to formulate new phylogenies or refine/confirm existing phylogenies.

Compare the bones in your arm to your dog's foreleg. Bone for bone match-up. You and you dog have a common ancestor somewhere in the depths of time.

Why would a " supreme being " use the same bones in both limbs when a better engineering solution could be found? We have the natural explanation, and, god(s) or not, that is the evolutionary explanation.

No. Recapitulation theory is the partly discarded notion that the developmental stages of an organism following its conception accurately reflect its evolutionary history.

But while the embryological development of organisms does conform to the nested hierarchies of life and can be used confirm hypotheses about the evolutionary history of life, the statement that it is an exact image of that evolutionary past was discarded some time ago.

Scientists do not prove things.

Lamarck's theory is long refuted as acquired characteristics and the use and disuse concepts are not explanations for evolution of populations.

I answered a question like this earlier.

It does not. What flood myth? There are many of them and none of them have anything to do with the theory of evolution by natural selection.

About 99.9% of all educated scientists. The field of biology could no longer progress without the understanding of evolution via natural selection.

Charles Darwin

Not directly; Humans evolved from an ape-like ancestor who lived around 7 million years ago. These ape-like creatures shared a common ancestor with monkeys who lived around 20 to 30 million years ago.

According to the "Tips for Optimal Use and Longevity" that came with the iron, "The Eurosteam is designed to use regular tap water." However, someone has scratched that out by hand, and written in "filtered" over "regular tap water." The printed material goes on to say "Never use 100% distilled water as this may lead to damage inside the boiler." Again, the person who did the demo said "The instructions say 'Use tap water, but use distilled water." So, no wonder you ask!

The public, due mostly to religious reasons, was not ready for any transmutational theory and Lamarck's theory had no evidence to support it thus scientists of the time did not pay it much attention. Also Cuvier was Lamarck's enemy and denigrated the theory Lamarck developed.

To explain the species problem, " that mystery of mysteries " which was the natural history problem of the day. From his observations and experiments Darwin proposed his theory of evolution by natural selection, which provided a mechanism for the observed fact of evolution.

Using Evolutionary Acquisition, users initially do not need to know all their requirements in detail, but only a core set sufficient to develop and field part of the system.

Concepts more than theories.

Use and disuse. A anatomical part of an organism would fade away if not constantly used and would enhance itself is used. The giraffe neck as an example of use.

Acquired characteristics. Characteristics that one developed over the course of a lifetime could be passed on to progeny. Such as the developed muscles of a blacksmith could be inherited by his children.

Naturally, both these concepts were absolutely refuted by the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published his ideas on evolution in 1809 in his work titled "Philosophie Zoologique." In this book, he introduced the concept of inheritance of acquired characteristics, proposing that organisms could pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. Lamarck's ideas were among the earliest theories of evolution, predating Charles Darwin's work by several decades.

Even though it still isn't by most, mostly by regions, it became accepted by science in 1859

Confirmation Bias

Anatomical similarities:

Homologous organs are probably the most obvious sign of evolution. Homologous organs are body parts which, despite having almost identical structures, have evolved to fulfill different function for each animal.

A human arm consists of fingers, wrist bones, a forearm and a humerus. If you look at the construction of a cat's foot, you will notice it is made up of identical bones, only of different sizes to suit the cat.

A bat's wing also has fingers, a forearm and upper arm, although the fingers are much longer in comparison to it's arm due to the need for relatively large wings.

Perhaps most surprisingly of all, a whale has all the same bones embedded in it's front flippers, showing that it is descended from a common ancestor with all of the human, cat, and bat species.

A whale, rather oddly, also has leg bones. These are vestigial organs - remnant body parts from an ancestor which used them which have no function in the modern organism. Nevertheless, it shows the whale to be descended from a land-living, terrestrial species which used legs.

Same goes for the human appendix. In herbivores, the appendix serves to digest the cellulose in grass and leaves. Since cellulose no longer features in the human diet, the appendix is completely useless. It serves as evidence for an ancestor which did use to eat leaves. (It remains because there is no evolutionary pressure to be rid of it.)

If evolution hadn't occurred, a) why would these seemingly dissimilar animals have such similar anatomies, and b) why would animals have body parts they don't even make use of.

That they are all moving away from each other at a great rate of speed and that speed seems to be acceleration.

because evolution can be successful if the immediate biodiversity stays in the organisms making them diverse and seperating them from the rest

Protista is the kingdom here.

There is only one central "theory of evolution", which is the theory of evolution by natural selection that Charles Darwin pioneered. There have been different theories in the past - such as Jean-baptise Lamarck's theory of acquired traits - but these lost their status of scientific theory when they were shown to be wrong.

Oparin and Haldane's theory proposed that chemicals in Earth's early atmosphere could have formed organic molecules, leading to the origin of life on Earth. They suggested that simple organic molecules could have then combined to form more complex molecules like proteins and nucleic acids.