Evolution

I answered a question like this earlier.

It does not. What flood myth? There are many of them and none of them have anything to do with the theory of evolution by natural selection.

About 99.9% of all educated scientists. The field of biology could no longer progress without the understanding of evolution via natural selection.

Charles Darwin

Not directly; Humans evolved from an ape-like ancestor who lived around 7 million years ago. These ape-like creatures shared a common ancestor with monkeys who lived around 20 to 30 million years ago.

According to the "Tips for Optimal Use and Longevity" that came with the iron, "The Eurosteam is designed to use regular tap water." However, someone has scratched that out by hand, and written in "filtered" over "regular tap water." The printed material goes on to say "Never use 100% distilled water as this may lead to damage inside the boiler." Again, the person who did the demo said "The instructions say 'Use tap water, but use distilled water." So, no wonder you ask!

The public, due mostly to religious reasons, was not ready for any transmutational theory and Lamarck's theory had no evidence to support it thus scientists of the time did not pay it much attention. Also Cuvier was Lamarck's enemy and denigrated the theory Lamarck developed.

To explain the species problem, " that mystery of mysteries " which was the natural history problem of the day. From his observations and experiments Darwin proposed his theory of evolution by natural selection, which provided a mechanism for the observed fact of evolution.

Using Evolutionary Acquisition, users initially do not need to know all their requirements in detail, but only a core set sufficient to develop and field part of the system.

Concepts more than theories.

Use and disuse. A anatomical part of an organism would fade away if not constantly used and would enhance itself is used. The giraffe neck as an example of use.

Acquired characteristics. Characteristics that one developed over the course of a lifetime could be passed on to progeny. Such as the developed muscles of a blacksmith could be inherited by his children.

Naturally, both these concepts were absolutely refuted by the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published his ideas on evolution in 1809 in his work titled "Philosophie Zoologique." In this book, he introduced the concept of inheritance of acquired characteristics, proposing that organisms could pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. Lamarck's ideas were among the earliest theories of evolution, predating Charles Darwin's work by several decades.

Even though it still isn't by most, mostly by regions, it became accepted by science in 1859

Confirmation Bias

Anatomical similarities:

Homologous organs are probably the most obvious sign of evolution. Homologous organs are body parts which, despite having almost identical structures, have evolved to fulfill different function for each animal.

A human arm consists of fingers, wrist bones, a forearm and a humerus. If you look at the construction of a cat's foot, you will notice it is made up of identical bones, only of different sizes to suit the cat.

A bat's wing also has fingers, a forearm and upper arm, although the fingers are much longer in comparison to it's arm due to the need for relatively large wings.

Perhaps most surprisingly of all, a whale has all the same bones embedded in it's front flippers, showing that it is descended from a common ancestor with all of the human, cat, and bat species.

A whale, rather oddly, also has leg bones. These are vestigial organs - remnant body parts from an ancestor which used them which have no function in the modern organism. Nevertheless, it shows the whale to be descended from a land-living, terrestrial species which used legs.

Same goes for the human appendix. In herbivores, the appendix serves to digest the cellulose in grass and leaves. Since cellulose no longer features in the human diet, the appendix is completely useless. It serves as evidence for an ancestor which did use to eat leaves. (It remains because there is no evolutionary pressure to be rid of it.)

If evolution hadn't occurred, a) why would these seemingly dissimilar animals have such similar anatomies, and b) why would animals have body parts they don't even make use of.

That they are all moving away from each other at a great rate of speed and that speed seems to be acceleration.

because evolution can be successful if the immediate biodiversity stays in the organisms making them diverse and seperating them from the rest

Protista is the kingdom here.

There is only one central "theory of evolution", which is the theory of evolution by natural selection that Charles Darwin pioneered. There have been different theories in the past - such as Jean-baptise Lamarck's theory of acquired traits - but these lost their status of scientific theory when they were shown to be wrong.

Oparin and Haldane's theory proposed that chemicals in Earth's early atmosphere could have formed organic molecules, leading to the origin of life on Earth. They suggested that simple organic molecules could have then combined to form more complex molecules like proteins and nucleic acids.

The HOX genes found in arthropods are a good example of how evolution may affect the overal structure of organisms. Arthropods are segmented organisms, and the development of segments and limbs in animals is regulated by HOX genes. As HOX genes change, the number of segments and limbs may change. Geneticists can demonstrate this by knocking out or otherwise altering the HOX genes in insects, causing abnormal development to occur, like extra segments, extra legs, legs for antennae, and so on.

Today, there exists a wide variety of arthropods, each with a unique body plan and morphology. So too have their appandages diverged into many different forms.

Darwin, of course. Lamarck did not have the evidence to back up his acquired characteristics and use and disuse concepts, but Darwin had massive amounts of evidence and well structured arguments for his theory of natural selection.

Embryonic structures can provide insights into the shared ancestry of species because they show similarities during development that may not be apparent in adult forms. Comparing embryonic structures across different species can help scientists infer evolutionary relationships and understand how different organisms are related. This can offer valuable information about the evolutionary history and relatedness of species.

Variation in the trait within the population and differential reproductive success based on that trait are required for a character or trait to change over time in a population adapting through natural selection. The individuals with traits that confer a reproductive advantage are more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation, leading to an increase in the frequency of those traits in the population over time.

Punctuated equilibrium is a theory in evolutionary biology that suggests species will often remain stable for long periods of time (equilibrium), with evolutionary changes occurring rapidly (punctuation) in short bursts when they do happen. This concept contrasts with the traditional view of gradual and continuous evolutionary changes over time.

Similarities in body structure among different species can suggest a common ancestor and evolutionary relationship. These similarities can be explained by the concept of homology, where structures have a common developmental origin despite serving different functions. By comparing anatomical features, scientists can trace the evolutionary history of species and understand how they have adapted over time.