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Concepts more than theories.

Use and disuse. A anatomical part of an organism would fade away if not constantly used and would enhance itself is used. The giraffe neck as an example of use.

Acquired characteristics. Characteristics that one developed over the course of a lifetime could be passed on to progeny. Such as the developed muscles of a blacksmith could be inherited by his children.

Naturally, both these concepts were absolutely refuted by the theory of evolution by natural selection.

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