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Germanium
Germanium (Ge) is a metalloid semiconductor. It is commonly used in optics and electronic circuitry.
542 Questions
Who discovered germanium and when?
From wikipedia:
Germanium was discovered comparatively late because very few minerals contain it in high concentration.
Germanium ranks near fiftieth in relative abundance of the elements in the Earth's crust.
In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev predicted its existence and some of its properties based on its position on his periodic table and called the element eka-silicon.
Nearly two decades later, on February 6, 1886, Clemens Winkler found it in the mineral argyrodite, a new mineral from the Himmelsfürst mine near Freiberg (Germany).
Winkler found that his experimental observations agreed with Mendeleev's predictions and named the element after his country, Germany.
How do you make an electron dot diagram for germanium?
To make an electron dot diagram for germanium, start by writing the chemical symbol for germanium (Ge). Germanium has four valence electrons, so place one dot on each side of the symbol, representing each electron. Ensure that no more than two dots are on each side, following the octet rule.
The Bohr model describes the structure of an atom with electrons orbiting the nucleus in discrete energy levels. In the case of Germanium, a semiconductor element with 32 electrons, the Bohr model would show electrons arranged in multiple energy levels around the nucleus composed of protons and neutrons.
The electrons in the Germanium atom would populate the energy levels according to the Aufbau principle and the Pauli exclusion principle, with the inner levels being filled first before moving to outer levels. The arrangement of electrons in the Bohr model helps to explain the properties of Germanium, such as its conductivity and chemical behavior.
What is the bonding power of germanium?
atomic number-32
symbol-Ge
Name-Germanium
Atomic Mass-72.59
color-grey-white
Family-Carbon Family
Column-Column 14
Period-Period 4
Is germanium a metal nonmental or a metalloid?
Germanium has been said by many to be a metal, but it is only carrying characteristics of a metal so it can be called a semi-metal. Despite this Germanium is most usually classed as a metalloid.
How do you write a Lewis Dot structure of germanium?
To write the Lewis Dot structure of germanium (Ge), first determine the total number of valence electrons (for Ge, it is 4). Place the electrons around the germanium atom, distributing them evenly to satisfy the octet rule. Since germanium can accommodate more than eight electrons, you may need to use expanded octets for larger molecules involving germanium.
No. Germanium is a natural element and even marketed as a dietary supplement. It is possible to overdose on the supplement but only if one were to take too many supplements. It is highly unlikely that someone would encounter that high of Germanium levels naturally.
That being said, the manufacture of Germanium Substrate for use in electronics (and photovoltaic solar panels) results in hazardous by-products. As a result, there is no cost-effective and safe (according to the EPA) way to produce Germanium Substrate in the U.S., without violating EPA regulations. Most of the Germanium Substrate production for use in the U.S.A. is done in Canada or other countries.
What is ge germanium used for?
An Important Use Of Germanium Is That It's A Semi-Conductor (Semiconductor.) A Semi-Conductor Will Only Conduct Things, Such As Heat, So Well, And Only So Many Of Times You Try.
Advantages of silicon over germanium?
silicon has a wider bandgap than germenium .silicon jeakage current small, easily available then Ga and break down voltage is more. knee voltage of si is 0.7and Ga is having 0.3then Si is very useful.
What is the cost of germanium?
The cost of germanium varies depending on factors such as purity, quantity, and supplier. As of 2021, the price of germanium is approximately $350-400 per kilogram.
In mid-1885, at a mine near Freiberg, Saxony, a new mineral was discovered and named argyrodite because of the high silver content. The chemist Clemens Winkler analyzed this new mineral, which proved to be a combination of silver, sulfur, and a new element. Winkler was able to isolate the new element in 1886 and found it similar to antimony. Before Winkler published his results on the new element, he decided that he would name his element neptunium, since the recent discovery of planet Neptune in 1846 had been preceded by mathematical predictions of its existence. However, the name "neptunium" had already been given to another proposed chemical element (though not the element that today bears the name neptunium, which was discovered in 1940). So instead, Winkler named the new element germanium (from the Latin word, Germania, for Germany) in honor of his homeland.
What do you call a germanium atom if you remove 2 protons?
If you remove 2 protons from a germanium atom, it would become a gallium atom. Gallium has an atomic number of 31, while germanium has an atomic number of 32.
Why are silicon and germanium described as semi-metals?
Silicon and germanium are described as semi-metals because they exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals. They can conduct electricity like metals but are not as efficient as true metals. They also have some nonmetallic characteristics such as brittle structure and lower conductivity compared to true metals.
Germanium is important because it is a semiconductor material used in electronics, such as transistors and diodes. It is also used in fiber-optic systems, infrared optics, and as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions. Additionally, germanium has potential applications in solar energy technology and as a health supplement.
It is used in transistors and other electronic devices.
What is the noble gas notation for germanium?
The noble gas notation for germanium is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2. This notation represents the electron configuration of germanium with the argon noble gas core followed by the valence electrons in the 4s and 4p orbitals.
