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Probability

The probability of a certain event is a number expressing the likelihood that a specific event will occur, expressed as the ratio of the number of actual occurrences to the number of possible occurrences. In mathematics, it is a measure of how often an event will happen and is the basis of statistics.

14,643 Questions

Concept of Probability sampling and chi square test?

A probability sampling method is any method of sampling that utilizes some form of random selection. See: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampprob.php The simple random sample is an assumption when the chi-square distribution is used as the sampling distribution of the calculated variance (s^2). The second assumption is that the particular variable is normally distributed. It may not be in the sample, but it is assumed that the variable is normally distributed in the population. For a very good discussion of the chi-square test, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson%27s_chi-square_test

How can you relate probability and punnett squares?

The probability of an event is easily calculated by dividing the number of squares that predict the event by the total number of squares. For example, if a man and woman were having a child, and the man was tall with brown hair and the woman short with blonde hair, the probability of the child being, say, tall with blonde hair, would be 1(number of squares with tall/blonde as a result) divided by 4(total number of squares), which is .25, or 25%

What school runs the Great Penny toss?

The Ralph Bunche Computer Minischool in New York City ran the Great Penny toss.

What is the probability of drawing a 7 an 8 or a red card out of a 52 card deck of playing cards?

15/26 I think because half the 7 and 8 are red so that's 4+26(red cards) which =30/the 52 possible cards and simplify

What is the probablitiy of picking a red out of a pack of cards?

1 in 2.

This is because 26 of the 52 cards are either diamond or heart which have 13 each.

Solve problems involving partitive proportions?

1. Divide 1035 in the ratio of 2:3:4.

2. A father wants to leave $4675 to his four children in the ratio of 1:3:3:4. How much will each of the four children receive?

3. John plans to donate his collection of 3042 books to three libraries in the ratio of 1:3:5. How many books will each library get?

To get the answer, divide the number representing the total, by the sum of the terms in the ratio then, multiply the quotient by each of the term in the ratio.

1. 1035 = number representing the total

2, 3 and 4 = terms in the ratio

9 = sum of the terms in the ratio

1035 / 9 = 115

then, multiply 115 by each of the term in the ratio

115 X 2 = 230

115 X 3 = 345

115 X 4 = 460

Final Answer = 230, 345 and 460

To check, add them all

230 + 345 + 460 = 1035

2. $4675 = total amount father wants to leave to the children

1, 3, 3 and 4 = terms in the ratio

11 = sum of the terms in the ratio

$4675 / 11 = $425

so, we need to multiply this by each of the term in the ratio

$425 x 1 = $425

$425 x 3 = $ 1275

$425 x 3 = $ 1275

$425 x 4 = $ 1700

Final Answer = $425, $1275, $1275 and $1700

To check,

$425 + $ 1275 + $ 1275 + $ 1700 = $ 4675

3. 3042 = total number of books

1, 3 and 5 = terms in the ratio

9 = sum of the terms in the ratio

3042 / 9 = 338

when multiplied by each term in the ratio, we get

338 x 1 = 338

338 x 3 = 1014

338 x 5 = 1690

Final Answer = 338, 1014 and 1690

to check

338 + 1014 + 1690 = 3042

Bogart's classics marbles there are 18 in a bag 1 large 17 small ones never been open whats there worth?

If the packaging is sealed and the label in nice shape, then this 1950's item is worth anywhere from $50 - $75.

Who or what is GBG?

Gbg is the gang from hornsey (G)rey (B)andana (G)ang

What is a red face card?

A red card means Hearts or Diamonds, a face card is a card which depicts a person, so J, Q, or K. Hence, the 6 red face cards are J, Q, K of hearts and J, Q, K of diamonds!

Who discovered probability?

Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat started corresponding over an issue on mathematics of gambling, from which the theory of probability developed in 1654.

If the probability of type 1 error is reduced the probability of type 2 error is also reduced?

No....the two are mirror images of each other. Reducing type I would increase type II

What is probability of obtaining a number different from 12 when a single fair die is tossed?

assuming we are talking about standard dice here (six sided, numbered 1-6) then the probability of obtaining a result other than 12 when a single die is tossed is 100%. There is no way to roll a 12 after 1 toss of 1 die, therefore the chance of getting anything other than 12 is guaranteed

What is the probability of having a baby boy?

The sex of a child is determined by male sperm. There are only two sexes, so there is an equal (50-50) chance of having a boy or girl.

What is the probability that dinosaur bones are in your backyard?

It depends on where you live. If you live in Utica, Illinois, the probability is close to zero. If you live in Cheyenne, Wyoming, the odds are upped considerably.

If Cathy put 6 pairs of black gloves and 6 pairs of brown gloves in her drawer in complete darkness how many gloves must she take out to get a pair?

I assume you mean a matching pair. If so, the answer is 13.

Considering the worst-case scenario, she may pick all six left-handed brown gloves and then all six left-handed black gloves. In which case, the next glove would definitely be a right-handed (black or brown) glove giving a matching pair.

Even in complete darkness, Cathy might be able to discern the difference between a right and left-handed glove (mittens not so much). So, as written, the answer is two. If we assume a matching pair, the answer is eight.

Business application of probability?

Probability (and probability based models) are used in business scenarios to make decisions under uncertainty. A good example is maintaining safety stocks of inventory when there is a probability that the demand for product might be higher than the supply. Another application is in financial markets where the returns are not certain so people use probabilities to predict outcomes and hedge against uncertainties.

What is the probability of producing a normal child by two parents who are carriers for an autosomal recessive disorder?

75%.

Explanation: if both parents are carriers than their Gametes would be Dd x Dd, resulting in DD (1/4), Dd (2/4), and dd(1/4), meaning that there is a 25% chance that they will have a child that has the disorder.

DD = A normal child that lacks the recessive gene, therefore not a carrier

Dd = A normal child that carries the recessive gene

dd = A child with the disorder + carries the gene, hence the child's future offspring will carry it as well.

Source: Self/Basic Punnet Square

What is the probability of three people flipping a coin and two having the same side and the other not?

When flipping a coin, there are 2 possible outcomes. When flipping 3 coins there are 8 possible outcomes (2^3=8).

As for the situation described, there is only one way for it to not be true, if all the coins land on the same side. So either all heads or all tails.

This leaves 8-2=6 possible outcomes resulting in the above situation.

Therefore the probability of the given situation is 6/8 or 3/4=75%

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