What did Alexander Graham Bell?
I believe you are asking what did Alexander Graham Bell invent. Bell made several inventions but the one he is most famous for is the telephone (hence Bell telephone company).
Bell also invented many other devices. Some of them include
the telegraph
a metal jacket to assist in breathing
the phonograph
the audiometer to detect minor hearing problems
and a device to locate icebergs.
How did the telephones work at 1876?
You didn't. The first phone was not sold to the public and was a simple box. It wasn't until 1877 that there was a Bell phone company.
What was Alexander bell's childhood like?
Inventor Alexander Graham Bell had a somewhat normal childhood. He was curious about the world and loved poetry, art, and music. His two brothers both died from tuberculosis.