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Ancient Wars
The Ancient period is generally accepted as being 600 BCE to 500 CE, before which was the Archaic period, and after which began the Medieval period. However as there is not an Archaic Wars category, it is acceptable to post pre-500 BCE military questions in this area.
1,657 Questions
What impact did the peloponnesian war have on Athenian culture?
The Peloponnesian War had a profound impact on Athenian culture, leading to a decline in its artistic and intellectual achievements. The prolonged conflict and subsequent defeat weakened Athens economically and politically, fostering a sense of disillusionment and instability. This shift was reflected in the arts, as tragedy and philosophy took on darker themes, exploring human suffering and moral ambiguity. Ultimately, the war marked a transition from the high point of Athenian cultural supremacy to a period of introspection and uncertainty.
Was the conflict between Athens and Sparta called the peloponnesian war?
We call it today the Peloponnesian War. It was a 27-year war between the Athenian Empire and the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.
How many Spartans sacrificed themselves at the Battle of Thermopylae?
It is estimated that there were three-hundred Spartan Hoplites who died in the defense of the pass at Thermopylae .
Its soldiers were poorly paid, sometimes participating in some spoils of looting, which they usually wasted. If they survived their service, they were given a land grant of a small farm, but this gave them subsistence, not wealth.
Their generals took the major spoils, taking the money from the sale of prisoners as slaves. They had the responsibility of ensuring their soldiers got their land grants.
What were the armies in the battle is Salamis?
It was a sea battle.
On one side was a Greek fleet from an alliance of Greek city-states led by Sparta -
Athens 180, Corinth 40, Aegina 30, Chalcis 20, Megara 20, Sparta 16, Sicyon 15, Epidaurus 10, Eretria 7, Ambracia 7, Troizen 5, Naxos 4, Leucas 3, Hermione 3, Styra 2, Cythnus 2, Ceos 2, Melos 2, Siphnus 1, Seriphus 1, Croton 1.
On the other was a mixed fleet from Persian provinces - including Greeks, Phoenicians, Egyptians etc. The figures given below for these are vastly exaggerated, as these are the nominal fleets, not the ones actually there, including losses in previous actions. Halving them is appropriate, and then subtracting the Egypitan component as it was guarding against a Greek escape through the western channel. This give a total of about 400, nearly the same as the Greek fleet.
Phoenicia 300, Egypt 200, Cyprus 150, Cilicia 100, Ionia 100, Hellespont 100, Caria 70, Aeolia 60, Lycia 50, Pamphylia 30, Dorian 30, Cyclades 17
Why did Sparta initiate the series of conflicts known as the Peloponnesian?
Sparta was upset with Athens attempt to control other Greek city-states
Which two city-states in fought the peloponnesian war?
The two city-states that fought in the Peloponnesian war were Athens and Sparta.
Why was cavalry important to Alexander's army?
He used a combination of the phalanx to hold the front, the cavalry to raid the enemy's flanks, and light infantry to link between the to, minimising the opportunity for enemy penetration, and maximising the threat to, and destabilising the enemy forces.
Why did Sparta want to weaken Athens power in ancient Geece?
Athens had headed the Delian League which protected the eastern Greek cities from Persian dominance. When Persia withdrew, Athens turned the league into an empire, and used this power to interfere in the affairs of other Greek cities. This led the cities of the Peloponnesian League to appeal to Sparta to lead action to limit Athens' power. Athens refused compromise and a destructive 27 year war ensued, which the Athenians lost, and were stripped of their empire, reducing them to a second rate power which could no longer try to dominate Greece and live high on the proceeds.
During the siege of Rome by the Gauls in 390 BCE Marcus Manlius with a small force held out in the citadel for months after the abandonment of the city. He led a post-invasion revolt of the plebs against the ruling elite an was condemned to death by the Senate which was controlled by them.
Why did the greek city states lose power at the peloponnesian war?
Greek city states lose power at the peloponnesian war due to economic, infrastructural and agricultural ruin.
What is significant about an Olmec head?
It's size - ranging from the Rancho La Cobata head 3.4 metres to the pair at Tres Zapotes 1.47 metres, weighing 25 to 55 tonnes.
Did Cleisthenes overthrow Sparta in 508 BC?
Yes then in years later he created the first democratic constitution.
The island Salamis is in the Saronic Gulf near Athens, Greece .
37°57′5″N 23°34′0″E
What was the battle of marathon over?
The battle of Marathon was a result of the Persians under King Darius the First to punish the Greeks for supporting the Ionian Revolt where Sardis had been burned after capture .
The battle was essentially where the Greeks defeated a Persian punitive expedition that failed .
Why did Sparta initiate the series of conflicts known as the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta was upset with Athens attempt to control other Greek city-states
What does flank mean in the battle of marathon?
The "flank" when referred to in these terms means the side or sides. Therefore you would be instructed to protect the left or right flank (side) or to protect the flank (both side)
How many Persians died from the 300 Greeks?
My guess is that you're talking about the Battle of Thermopylae. The Persians lost about 20,000 men, but there weren't "300 Greeks" ... there were 300 Spartans, in a mixed force totaling around 7,000 Greeks in all. They managed to hold off the Persian army for around a week, including two days of actual fighting.
When the (much larger) Persian army found a way around the narrow pass to outflank the Greeks, the Spartan general Leonidas and a force of about 300 Spartans (and around 1200 other Greeks from various cities) remained to hold off the Persians while the bulk of the Greek force escaped to warn the cities of Greece that the Persians had taken the pass and were on their way. This rear guard was essentially annihilated on the third day of fighting. All told, the Greeks lost between 2,000 and 4,000 men in the battle.
Which Persian emperor was killed at the battle Marathon?
Persia had a king, not an emperor. The Persian king Darius I was at home in Persia when the battle of Marathon took place, so he was not killed at Marathon. Darius the Great died of natural causes 14 years after Marathon.
Why were the battles of Thermopylae and Salamis important?
The battle of Thermopylae was a delaying land action to force the Persians into a sea battle to try to destroy the Persian fleet which threatened the Greek cities whih kept their main armies at home to protect their cities against amphibious attacks. This plan failed as the Persians won the sea battle of Artemesion in the strait next to Thermopylae, and the Thermopylae force was withdrawn as it was no longer required. So Thermopylae turned out to be unimportant other than propaganda for the Spartans on the sacrifice they made to allow the other Greek contingents to escape when the delaying position was abandoned.
The southern Greeks tried again at the sea battle of Salamis, this time defeating the Persian navy, with the result that the Persian fleet no longer threatened the Greek cities and they were able the following spring to send out their armies to combine against the Persian army and its Greek allies and defeat it at the battle of Plataia.
This land defeat was helped by the Persian army being depleted because it's defeated navy was withdrawn to Asia Minor and could no longer protect the Persian resupply fleet, and half the Persian army had to be sent back to Asia as it could not be fed during the winter in Greece.
So Thermopylae is just a good story. Salamis sealed the outcome of the war.
What changes in the Greek states resulted from the Greek defeat at the battle of Chaeronea?
Macedonia established dominance of mainland Greece, exercised through control of a majority of votes in the Amphictyonic League and Philip II's recognition as Hegemon (leader) of Greece.
The subsequent Macedonian invasion and takeover of the Persian Empire absorbed the military manpower of the Greek cities and so their habitual fighting amongst each other was curtailed. The ensuing Hellenistic kingdoms established by Alexander the Great's generals continued to maintain control and dominance of the Greek city-states.
