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Braille is a system of reading and writing that can be used by blind people, consisting of symbols created by arranging raised dots. Prior to the development of braille, blind people did not have an independent means of writing, and the only reading material that was available was in embossed print letters that were easy for sighted people to read, but slow and difficult for blind people to trace with their fingers. Although the braille writing system has changed since Louis Braille's original version, and there have been competing systems developed in the past, braille remains the primary tactile writing system worldwide and has been adapted for use in dozens of languages in addition to the original code developed for French.

Louis Braille was born on January 4, 1809 in the village of Coupvray, France. He was the son of a harness maker. He was not born blind, but suffered an accident while playing in his father's workshop at the age of 3. He poked himself in the eye with an awl, and the resulting infection destroyed his vision in that eye. He lost vision in his other eye because of a medical condition called sympathetic ophthalmia. At age 10 he was able to go to school at the National Institute for the Blind in Paris. Although it was considered the best school for the blind in the entire world at the time, the school was only able to afford 14 books. Living conditions at the school were harsh, with poor quality food and frequent beatings of the students.

In 1821, the school was visited by Charles Barbier, a Captain in the French Army. Barbier wished to share an invention of his, a system for soldiers to send silent messages at night that did not require light to be read. The symbols in the system were phonetic rather than representing print letters. Louis Braille was inspired by this invention, and developed the system of dots arranged on a two-by-three grid that we recognized today. It took him a few years to settle on a system that could be memorized easily, and was efficient to read and write. By 1824, the system was finalized, and the first book explaining the code was published in 1829 under the title "Method of Writing Words, Music, and Plain Songs by Means of Dots, for Use by the Blind and Arranged for Them."

Louis Braille's writing system was not immediately embraced. Sighted teachers resented having to learn a new reading system that was different from print letters. Philanthropists were outraged that the expensive raised print books they had given to the school would be rendered obsolete. Louis Braille taught at the school until his death from tuberculosis on January 6, 1852, but he was never able to formally teach his writing system to the students.

The school did not use the braille code until 1854. Louis Braille did not receive any awards or honors for his invention during his lifetime, but he has been honored posthumously with special issue stamps, coins, and the gratitude of the millions of blind people who have benefitted from his work. His body was moved to a place of honor in the Panthéon in Paris a century after he died.

Braille is a series of dots that are pushed out from a braille writer and onto a piece of special paper called braille paper, and each dot represents a certain letter on number, and signs for capitolization and etc. There are many signs in a lot of words, like tion, con, com, ant, or, etc., it is also for blind people (Go figure!)

Louis braille invented it. he invented it because his family and friends would tell him that he would never be able to read (because he was blind) and he told them that one day he would be able to..and then he invented braille and named it after his last name "braille". he became blind at the age of 3. because he was playing with his dad's tools and he cut himself in accident in his eye and he became blind.

Braille is a bunch of dots that blind people fit under there finger and can read

Braille is a dot pattern out of six dots blind people can run their fingers over to form letters.It started out as a milatary code. It was so that one solider could talk to another with out letting the other side know. This was soon after the discovery of braille by Louis Braille.

Louis Brail he invented it in January 4, 1809 - January 6, 1852.

Hello,

Have you ever seen a blind man reading something like raised dots on a paper? Well, that is braille. This is how blind people read and write.

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The dirt road was badly rutted in some places.

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Braille is an arrangement of raised dots on a surface that form numbers, letters, and words. Blind persons feel the dots with their fingertips to recognize the patterns.

The technique is similar to holding a pair of dice in your hand and feeling the dents that tell you what number is on each face. You can feel how many dents there are, which tells you what number it is. Braille is the same except the letters are raised bumps. Each set of raised bumps is a different letter. Just like the dice. People that read Braille learn what each letter feels like. Both hands are used in reading Braille, but mainly the index fingers.

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w a t er sign.

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Natasha is the name of the bulldozer that John Wayne used in, "The Fighting Seabees".

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braille has simpiy not changed overtime

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Stale

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As a young child. He was playing in his father's shed and accidentally poked his eye with a sharp tool. The injury casued an infection in one eye, soon after the infection spread to the other as well and then became blind.

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It is difficult to replicate in text form, but it is available in many places on the internet, including Answers. com and other locations listed in the related links below.

Each character consists of one to six dots arranged in a 'cell' two dot spaces wide and three dot spaces high. In other words each letter can have up to six dots, arranged in 2 vertical rows of 3 per side. By feeling with the index fingers, people who have learned the Braille system can read these symbols from the raised dots and spaces.

Braille symbols are used to represent all the letters of the alphabet, numbers, contractions, some conjunctions and prepositions, and special symbols used in music, and other fields.

There are 26 basic letters in the braille alphabet. The letters are the same as the Roman alphabet only written in little bumps so that blind people can read them. Braille does have extra characters spelling full words such as 'of' and 'which' and also an extra character to mark where numbers are because they use the same bumps as the letters (A is the same as 1, B is the same as 2) however they are marked with a special character for numbers.

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In 1821 a french citizen by louis braille it was made.

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A method of allowing people to read using touch rather than sight. It is meant for blind people and uses arrangement of raised bumps to represent letters. Since it is difficult to recreate in text form, see the related links for images.

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Braille code has an alphabet, as well as words and phrases, which are all represented by series of raised dots. It is commonly used as a method for blind people to read. By feeling with their fingers, they can 'read' special print of raised dots which form symbols. They must attend a special school to learn what the symbols mean.

Braille is used by the visually impaired or blind. It is used by feeling raised dots that make up a letter. All letters and words fit into a six holed space called a cell. Each individual cell represents a different letter or word. In type one (or grade one) braille, only letters and punctuations are included. In type two (or grade two) braille contractions are used to make whole words. That is because braille is much larger than print and it saves much space.

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Braille was invented by Louis Braille in January 1825

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narration that seems to closely follow the characters thoughts -apex

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Some famous Indian woman writers can be found here: http:/www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/writers.html

Some examples;

- Anita Desai

- Arundhati Roy

- Jhumpa Lahiri

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To spell the name Jake in braille, you would use a capital sign, and then spell the name out entirely. You do not use any contractions in this case.

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catch his eye and say "what?" if he continues text him first asking why

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26

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so blind people can use atms to

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You can read Braille wiith your fingertips. It is a method of reading using touch instead of eyesight. It's mainly used by people with impaired vision, but people who can see can also learn to read Braille. A Braille cell has 1 to 6 raised dots. You can read by feeling these dots, along with the empty spaces.
You lightly run your fingertips over the patterned dots.

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• 1. it was hard for him in the begging when he was blind

  2. school

  3. learning a new method to know how who to read

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there are actually 4 and they are... 1) ! 2) ? 3) . 4) ,

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The Braille system is a method that is widely used by blind people to read and write. Braille was devised in 1821 by Louis Braille, a Frenchman. Each Braille character or cell is made up of six dot positions, arranged in a rectangle containing two columns of three dots each. A dot may be raised at any of the six positions to form sixty-four (26) permutations, including the arrangement in which no dots are raised. For reference purposes, a particular permutation may be described by naming the positions where dots are raised, the positions being universally numbered 1 to 3, from top to bottom, on the left, and 4 to 6, from top to bottom, on the right. For example, dots 1-3-4 would describe a cell with three dots raised, at the top and bottom in the left column and on top of the right column, i.e., the letter m. The lines of horizontal Braille text are separated by a space, much like visible printed text, so that the dots of one line can be differentiated from the Braille text above and below. Punctuation is represented by its own unique set of characters.

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This person (January 4, 1809 -- January 6, 1852) was the inventor of Braille.

Braille was born in Coupvray, a small town located southeast of Paris in Seine-et-Marne. His father was a saddlemaker, who also made harnesses, bags and leather straps. As soon as he could walk, Louis spent time playing in his father's workshop. When he was three, he scratched his right eye while making holes in a piece of leather with a knife or awl that was too heavy for him. There was nothing anyone could do except patch and bind the hurt eye. His right eye got infected and the infection spread to his left eye making him blind.

When he was ten, Braille earned a scholarship to the National Institute for the Blind Youth in Paris, one of the first of its kind in the world. But living conditions in the school were poor. Louis ate stale bread and water, and students were sometimes abused or locked up as a form of punishment.

Despite these circumstances, Braille proved to be a bright and creative student. His ear for music enabled him to become an accomplished cellist and organist in classes taught by Marrigues. (Later in life, his musical talents this lead him to play the organ for churches all over France, and he held the position of organist in Paris at the Church of Saint-Nicolas-des-Champs 1834 and at the Church of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul in 1845.)

Children at the school were taught basic craftsman skills and simple trades. They were also taught how to read by feeling raised letters (a system devised by the school's founder, Valentin Haüy). However, because the raised letters were made using paper pressed against copper wire, the students never learned to write. Another bad thing was that the letters weighed a lot and whenever people published books using this system, they put together a book with multiple stories in one in order to save money. This made the books sometimes weigh over a hundred pounds. The school had only three books, all of which Louis read.