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Circuits

Overachieving and under-appreciated, circuits are the foundation that our technological society is built on. Now's your chance to find out not only how they work, but why. Questions regarding the physics behind voltage, resistance, capacitance, inductance, transistors, LEDs, switches, and power supplies; and how they're used to create analog and digital circuits, should be directed here.

1,646 Questions

Which of these components is considered a load?

You haven't listed ANY components that are considered loads. I would submit, though, that a resistor ... or anything else that actually dissipates energy, no matter what you may call it ... is the only component that can be a 'load'. Inductors and capacitors are not, unless they also have some resistance, and then it's the resistance that comprises the load. As in so many other aspects of real life, dissipation is the key.

What does NF on a capacitor mean?

While it is possible that the company producing the capacitor is using the NF as an identification tool, usually we would expect nF to specify the capacitance or value of the capacitor. For example, a capacitor with the value of 10nF ought to have a capacitance of about 10 nano Farads. This is equivalent to 10*10-9 Farads.

What is the purpose of ground wires in overhead transmission lines?

connection of the ground of all the transmission lines and used as a communication cable between protection devices

What is The purpose of flasher relay in the circuit?

The flasher relay in a circuit serves to control the blinking of turn signals or hazard lights in vehicles. It functions by intermittently opening and closing the circuit, allowing electricity to flow to the lights in a timed sequence. This creates the characteristic flashing effect, enhancing visibility and signaling intentions to other drivers. Additionally, it helps prevent constant power draw by cycling the lights on and off.

What parts are necessary for a simple complete circuit?

-- power supply

-- power-dissipating component

-- connecting conductors

Where are simple circuits used?

Simple electronic circuits are used in simple electronic devices.

Can a circuit have two bulbs and a buzzer?

Of course. The circuit in my house has two door buzzers and almost 30 bulbs.

Does it matter which way a emitter resistor is installed?

A resistor is not polarity sensitive, and may be installed in either direction.

That's why resistors don't have pluses ( + ) or minuses ( - ) printed on them.

How much current 2.2 Megohm?

"Ohm" and its multiples is not a unit of current.

"Ampere" and its multiples is.

The current through a 2.2-megohm resistance is

(the voltage across the resistance)/(2,200,000) amperes .

Were does Rt R1 R2 comes from?

Rt = R1 + R2 That's the formula for the total effective resistance

of two resistors in series.

What is probe method?

In the context of programming, a probe method is a function or routine used to test or gather information about a specific aspect of a system or component. It is commonly used for debugging, performance monitoring, or system analysis purposes. The probe method typically returns data or metrics that help in understanding the behavior and state of the system.

When installing an isolated circuit in a patient care area what color conductor is required to be terminated on the nickel-plated screw of a receptacle?

When installing and Isolated circuit, the orange-insulated conductor is required to be connected to the nickel-plated screw of recepticals

What is the amount of current flowing through a toaster if it takes 850 C of charge to toast two slices of bread in two minutes if you know the GRASS method that would be great?

850 C of charge in 2 minutes means 850 C in 120 seconds = 71/12 C per second.

"1 C of charge per second" is the definition of 1 Ampere of current.

You don't need to know about the bread, and I don't know what the GRASS method is.

What is the significance of obtaining a negative reading in testing voltage?

Electric current can flow in one of two directions in a wire; with alternating current, the direction changes continually, back and forth. The use of positive and negative values for voltage gives you a direction for the voltage. If current flowing to the right is positive, then current flowing to the left is negative.

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Answer #2:

A negative reading indicates that the point to which the positive probe of

the voltmeter is connected is at a lower potential than the point to which

the negative meter probe is connected. It tells nothing about the circuit

conditions except in combination with the knowledge of how the meter

is connected.

What will happen if a 400 volts input power machine will be plugged in a 460 volts and 60 hz input power?

There's no single answer that covers all possible machines. It may run faster than

normal. It may run hotter than normal. It may run fine but with a shorter lifetime.

It may run fine but all the downstream devices that depend on it drop like flies.

The results are different for different machines.

How does voltage change across an appliance in a parallel circuit?

With the minor voltage loss in the wiring, the voltage drop across a single appliance

is the total voltage in the circuit, and doesn't change when more devices are added

in parallel.

What is the current sourcing capacity of 7805 IC voltage regulator?

The manufacturers refer generically to this device as a "One-ampere" voltage regulator.

It can be designed for more, if the junction temperature can be kept down with

adequate heat-sinking, and some hot-shot home-brewers will run it up to 2.2 Amp.,

especially on peaks and in low-duty-cycle operation. But the official data-sheet-

recommended limit is 1 Amp.

Is joules heating always desirable?

Joule heating is referred to as ohmic heating or resistive heating because of its relationship to Ohm's Law. It forms the basis for the myriad of practical applications involving electric heating. However, in applications where heating is an unwanted by-product of current use (e.g., load losses in electrical Transformers) the diversion of energy is often referred to as resistive loss. The use of high voltages in electric power transmission systems is specifically designed to reduce such losses in cabling by operating with commensurately lower currents. The ring circuits, or ring mains, used in UK homes are another example, where power is delivered to outlets at lower currents, thus reducing Joule heating in the wires. Joule heating does not occur in superconducting materials, as these materials have zero electrical resistance in the superconducting state. so it is sometimes desirable and sometimes not............

What resistance is needed to reduce 5V dc to 4V dc?

The resistance needed is

1/(the current flowing through the resistance) ohms.

What is the total power loss if 2 k and 1 k parallel-connected resistors have an IT of 3 mA?

I'm assuming that by ' IT ' you mean ' It ' for 'total current'.

-- The effective resistance of 2k and 1k in parallel is 2/3 k ohms.

-- The power dissipation is I2R = 0.003 x 2/3 k = 2 watts

What is the circuit diagram on how to convert galvanomeer into ohmeter?

Just connect a resistor and a small battery in series with the galvanometer,
change the markings on the meter's scale, and you have an ohmmeter.

What is the best suitable component for circuit protection instead of fuse?

circuit breaker, or "resettable fuse", which is a really
a small circuit breaker in the housing of a fuse

What is the mathematical relationship between heat dissipation and applied voltage?

Heat dissipation is directly proportional to the square of the applied voltage according to Joule's Law. This means that as the voltage increases, the heat dissipated in a circuit also increases quadratically. The relationship is represented by the formula: Heat dissipation = V^2/R, where V is the voltage and R is the resistance in the circuit.

How many joules are in 746 watt-seconds?

1 watt-second = 1 joule

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746 watt-seconds = 746 joules

(746 watts is an interesting number, and I'm curious to know how it was

selected to be the number in the question. 746 watts = 1 horsepower.

1 horsepower = 746 joules of energy per second.

The number is easy to remember: The mainsail on the Santa Maria developed

2 HP in a fresh breeze during Christopher Columbus' first voyage in 1492.)

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