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Circuits

Overachieving and under-appreciated, circuits are the foundation that our technological society is built on. Now's your chance to find out not only how they work, but why. Questions regarding the physics behind voltage, resistance, capacitance, inductance, transistors, LEDs, switches, and power supplies; and how they're used to create analog and digital circuits, should be directed here.

1,646 Questions

What is used to monitor line voltage sag?

An AC voltmeter is ideal. If you really want to get fancy and analytic about it,

you could use data-acquisition equipment to constantly read the AC voltmeter,

and store or record the data.

Why do we use 1.73 as multiplication factor to calculate Phase to Neutral voltage?

because 3Phase power - V X I X Cos Phi X Square root of 3

and square root of 3 - 1.73

Why we need output capacitor in buck converter?

I've been looking at them for a bit wondering the same question. I believe:

When the switch is closed, the inductor will have a high resistance, limiting power directly from the main power source. During this time, the capacitor will be delivering voltage to the output.

When the switch is open, the inductor will power the output while recharging the capacitor.

From what i get it's not *necessary*, but does even out the voltage considerably.

Maybe someone has a better answer...

What is the basic function of tuning capacitors?

The "tuning capacitor" in a radio is involved in determining the frequency of an

oscillator somewhere in the radio. As that capacitance is varied, the frequency

of the oscillator changes.

If the radio device is a transmitter, then the frequency on which it's transmitting

changes.

If the device is a radio receiver, then the frequency of the internal "local oscillator"

determines the frequency that will be selected, out of everything coming down from

the antenna, and then processed, detected, amplified, and filtered, for your listening

pleasure.

Where is the 300ZX AC blower resistor?

remove the glove box and its right there, remove the plug, and unscrew.

What are the objectives about resistor color code?

The color code is a means of displaying the resistance value of the component,

correct to 2 significant figures, on an area where printed digits would be unreadable

because of its small size.

In a two stage amplifier does the input impedance of the second stage affect the voltage gain of the first stage?

as i understand this impedance is something that impedes, or adds resistance or something like that. ( There are impedance bonds on the railroad to divide the track up into sections for signal purposes) by words, you see the connection with impede and impediment. the impedance, like resistance, would have to be a factor to be reckoned with. I am only familiar with Impedance bonds-they are laid horizontally under the track structure, and are part of the signal system.

How much amount of voltage is deadly?

The Voltage Is not deadly itself. Its how much current is flowing with it.

7 millliamps can kill you. Yes, that's milli, as in 1 thousanth of an amp. IF it toches your heart which is very unlikely. your skin acts as a resistor to resist that extra current.

Now you might be thinking, static electricity probably outputs way more then that every day, so how come were not all dead? This is because this amperage must be applied directly to the heart. Our whole body works as an insulator to electricity, weakening and most likely stopping the electricity before it gets to our heart (hopefully).

lightning bolts, carry around 1 billion volts. However, air dissapates 10000 volts of electrivity per centimetre. This mean for electricity to even get to your from 10 centimetres away through air, it requires 10000 volts. Lightning also needs to get past our clothes, which is probably wet in the event of a thunderstorm, spreading the electricity across the surface of the body, losing more energy. This is the main way lightning stroken people survive.

But still. If 7 milliamps touches your skin, youll be fine. LEDs work at 25-50milliamps. A house electrical main can kill .Now that can kill instantly

What are the elements of electric circuit?

the elements are source or supply,protective device the equipment wich convert the electrical to other usefull energy ,the instrument wich measures the other elements ,controlling unit,connecting wires

Hex to octal conversion using 8086?

Sample problem 1:

(2200H) = 67H

(2300H) = 6 x OAH + 7 = 3CH + 7 = 43H

Source program :

  • LDA 2200H : Get the BCD number
  • MOV B, A : Save it
  • ANI OFH : Mask most significant four bits
  • MOV C, A : Save unpacked BCDI in C register
  • MOV A, B : Get BCD again
  • ANI FOH : Mask least significant four bits
  • RRC : Convert most significant four bits into unpacked BCD2
  • RRC
  • RRC
  • RRC
  • MOV B, A : Save unpacked BCD2 in B register
  • XRA A : Clear accumulator (sum = 0)
  • MVI D, 0AH : Set D as a multiplier of 10
  • Sum: ADD D : Add 10 until (B) = 0
  • DCR B : Decrement BCD2 by one
  • JNZ SUM : Is multiplication complete? i if not, go back and add again
  • ADD C : Add BCD1
  • STA 2300H : Store the result
  • HLT : Terminate program execution

Flowchart for program

What are examples of everyday series circuits?

The examples of everyday series circuits are the flashlight that uses batteries to operate. Another example is the Christmas tree lights.

What is loading effect of op amp?

An 'ideal' op-amp has infinite input impedance, and real ones that you can buy for a
nickel come pretty close. That means that the input impedance or "loading effect" of
an op-amp all by itself is nearly zero, and the loading effect of a circuit that you
build with an op-amp is completely determined by the components you choose to
connect to it. You design the circuit to load the previous stage in any way you want.

What is multiwire branch circuit?

A multiwire branch circuit is consist`of two or more ungrouded conductors that has voltage between them and has a grounded conductor that is eoual voltage between each conductor connect to the neutral and it,s ground

How is an open circuit different from a short circuit?

I guess you could call them 'reciprocals' in a sense.

-- "Open circuit"

. . . Has a very high resistance. Nominally infinite.

. . . No voltage, no matter how high, is high enough to produce any current through the circuit.

. . . Current through it is always zero.

. . . Household example: a light switch that's open (labeled OFF in that position).

-- "Short Circuit"

. . . Has a very low resistance. Nominally zero.

. . . Any voltage, no matter how small, is enough to produce very high current through the circuit.

. . . Household example: toddler stuck a paper-clip into the two holes of the outlet.

What are the disadvantages of CMOS circuit?

The metal oxide coating that gives mos devices their high impedance characteristics is susceptable to damage by electrostatic discharge which must be protected by grounding the devices when handled during assembly.

What is a serious circuit?

It is one where exceedingly high voltages are present at various points ... such

that inadvertent contact with one of those points could be hazardous to life or

injurious to health. In that case, the circuit should be physically isolated, guarded

behind some sort of protective shield, and marked with yellow tape, red flags, or

signs, to let unwary passersby know that you are not kidding around.